WGU C190 INTRODUCTION TO
BIOLOGY 300 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWER TESTBANK
CENTRIOLE
A barrel-shaped structure only present in animal cells. plays a role
in the spatial organization of the cell and cell division.
chloroplast
In a plant cell. Chloroplasts capture energy from the sun and use
that energy to build sugar molecules.
chromatin
the material of which the chomrosomes of organisms are composed.
Consists of protein, RNA and DNA
chromosome
A single molecule of DNA.
cilium
a short, microscopic, hairlike vibrating structure. Occurs in large
numbers on the surface of certain cells.
,cytoplasm
the fluid that occupies the space inside the cell. the space in which
the chemical reactions that enable life take place.
cytoskeleton
formed by a series of protein filaments, and is both a scaffold for
the cell structure and a framework for many cellular activities,
including movement and cell division.
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
a series of sacs and tubes. put together or assemble the proteins
and other cellular components.
eukaryotic cell
larger, and most often they are multicellular organisms, including
plants, animals, and fungi.
flagellum
External appendage to a prokaryote.
fungus
include molds and mushrooms, are also eukaryotes.
,golgi apparatus
Where the proteins assembled in the ER are delivered to different
parts of the cell, or in multicellular organisms, to different parts of
the body.
lysosome
specialized vesicles found only in animal cells. Contain powerful
digestive enzymes that can recycle cellular parts or destroy external
invaders.
microtubule
Formed by centrioles. filament type of the cytoskeleton. also form
appendages such as the flagellum of the sperm cell and the cilia of
the cells of the respiratory system.
mitochondrion
takes fuel in the form of sugar (glucose) and convert it to usable
energy ATP.
nuclear envelope
a double-layered membrane surrounding the nucleus. studded with
pores that allow information from inside the nucleus to enter the
cytoplasm.
, nucleoid
Region ina prokaryote, where the DNA molecule is present. Does not
have a surrounding membrane.
nucleoulus
Within the nucleus. not bound by a membrane. Instead, it is an
aggregate of molecules where ribosomes, another type of
nonmembranous organelle, are assembled.
organelle
a specialized structure formed when a specific set of molecules
bond, providing a subunit that performs a particular function within
the cell. Many, but not all, are structures enclosed by a membrane.
plasmid
a genetic structure in a cell that can replicate independently of the
chromosomes, typically a small circular DNA strand in the cytoplasm
of a bacterium or protozoan.
prokaryotic cell
small, simple, single-cell organisms; bacteria are the most prevalent
kind. Do not contain a nucleus or any other organelle.
BIOLOGY 300 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWER TESTBANK
CENTRIOLE
A barrel-shaped structure only present in animal cells. plays a role
in the spatial organization of the cell and cell division.
chloroplast
In a plant cell. Chloroplasts capture energy from the sun and use
that energy to build sugar molecules.
chromatin
the material of which the chomrosomes of organisms are composed.
Consists of protein, RNA and DNA
chromosome
A single molecule of DNA.
cilium
a short, microscopic, hairlike vibrating structure. Occurs in large
numbers on the surface of certain cells.
,cytoplasm
the fluid that occupies the space inside the cell. the space in which
the chemical reactions that enable life take place.
cytoskeleton
formed by a series of protein filaments, and is both a scaffold for
the cell structure and a framework for many cellular activities,
including movement and cell division.
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
a series of sacs and tubes. put together or assemble the proteins
and other cellular components.
eukaryotic cell
larger, and most often they are multicellular organisms, including
plants, animals, and fungi.
flagellum
External appendage to a prokaryote.
fungus
include molds and mushrooms, are also eukaryotes.
,golgi apparatus
Where the proteins assembled in the ER are delivered to different
parts of the cell, or in multicellular organisms, to different parts of
the body.
lysosome
specialized vesicles found only in animal cells. Contain powerful
digestive enzymes that can recycle cellular parts or destroy external
invaders.
microtubule
Formed by centrioles. filament type of the cytoskeleton. also form
appendages such as the flagellum of the sperm cell and the cilia of
the cells of the respiratory system.
mitochondrion
takes fuel in the form of sugar (glucose) and convert it to usable
energy ATP.
nuclear envelope
a double-layered membrane surrounding the nucleus. studded with
pores that allow information from inside the nucleus to enter the
cytoplasm.
, nucleoid
Region ina prokaryote, where the DNA molecule is present. Does not
have a surrounding membrane.
nucleoulus
Within the nucleus. not bound by a membrane. Instead, it is an
aggregate of molecules where ribosomes, another type of
nonmembranous organelle, are assembled.
organelle
a specialized structure formed when a specific set of molecules
bond, providing a subunit that performs a particular function within
the cell. Many, but not all, are structures enclosed by a membrane.
plasmid
a genetic structure in a cell that can replicate independently of the
chromosomes, typically a small circular DNA strand in the cytoplasm
of a bacterium or protozoan.
prokaryotic cell
small, simple, single-cell organisms; bacteria are the most prevalent
kind. Do not contain a nucleus or any other organelle.
