ATPL HUMAN FACTORS (CASA - AHUF) |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
2025-2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS |\ |\ |\
These are up to date flashcards as of SEP2022. All
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
information is from the CASA resources listed for the |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
AHUF exam or official CASA documents. There is
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
conflicting information from old textbooks. All cards are
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
verified against official CASA documents. Turn over for
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
official documents. |\
The official textbooks CASA lists as exam resources are:
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- Human Being Pilot (ATC)
|\ |\ |\ |\
- Human Factors for Pilots (Roger G. Green)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- AC61-08 (previously CAAP 5.59)
|\ |\ |\ |\
Also Safety Behaviours for Human Pilots is a direct CASA
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
resource:
https://www.casa.gov.au/content-search/safety-kits/
safety-behaviours-human-factors-pilots
3 Categories of an Undesired Aircraft State
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,1. Aircraft Handling - Aircraft handling in the air - Track &
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
speed deviations, airspace penetration, non stabilised
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
approach.
2. Ground Navigation - Management of aircraft while
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
navigating on ground (this includes taxi speed!)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
3. Aircraft Configuration - Settings & Configurations of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Aircraft ie. Power setting, fuel configuration, Autopilot
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
mode, loading configuration.
|\ |\
What are the three methods of coping with stress?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Action Coping - Removing yourself or altering situation
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Cognitive Coping - Psychological change
|\ |\ |\ |\
Symptom-Directed Coping - Drugs & Alcohol |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What are the 3 gas laws pertinent to Human Factors?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Boyles Law (Pressure & Volume)
|\ |\ |\ |\
Charles Law (Partial Pressure - Concentration)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Daltons Law (Temperature & Volume)
|\ |\ |\ |\
You join a circuit on a right downwind what is the natural
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
tendency?
,The natural tendency is to keep the runway in view. Often
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
on a right downwind the runway is obstructed this causes
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the pilot to dip the wing towards the runway and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
descend. Descending is the most dangerous as we are|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
now lower than expected on approach!
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What are the notable problems with reliance on the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
vestibular system? |\
1. Not reliable without a visual indication
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
2. Also may cause nausea with conflicting information
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What are the three primary categories of errors?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Aircraft Handling Error - You touch the aircraft it's a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
handling error (ie. forgetting to put on carb heat)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Procedural Error - SOP's, Checklists, Approach Charts |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Communication Error - ATC, Crew Communication |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What are the three types of threats?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Anticipated - Pre-flight planning, or reviewed threats |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Unexpected - Usually inflight, anything we didn't prepare |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
for.
, Latent - Something that lies dormant and may not be
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
apparent until an error has been committed.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Difference between latent and unexpected threats are,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
latent threats can lie dormant on multiple flights without
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
being apparent while an unexpected threat will show up
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
in flight. Latent threat (Runway illusion), Unexpected
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Threat (Aircraft on that runway)
|\ |\ |\ |\
What are the two categories of threats?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Environmental (Weather, Airspace Communication, |\ |\ |\ |\
Ground environments, Terrain, Operational pressures such
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
as arriving late)
|\ |\ |\
Organisational (Documentation errors/ incorrect data |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
entry, tour of duty problems)
|\ |\ |\ |\
What temperature ranges are considered
|\ |\ |\ |\
"Uncomfortable"
|\
<15°C and >30°C |\ |\
What are "Zeitgerbers"?
|\ |\
2025-2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS |\ |\ |\
These are up to date flashcards as of SEP2022. All
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
information is from the CASA resources listed for the |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
AHUF exam or official CASA documents. There is
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
conflicting information from old textbooks. All cards are
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
verified against official CASA documents. Turn over for
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
official documents. |\
The official textbooks CASA lists as exam resources are:
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- Human Being Pilot (ATC)
|\ |\ |\ |\
- Human Factors for Pilots (Roger G. Green)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- AC61-08 (previously CAAP 5.59)
|\ |\ |\ |\
Also Safety Behaviours for Human Pilots is a direct CASA
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
resource:
https://www.casa.gov.au/content-search/safety-kits/
safety-behaviours-human-factors-pilots
3 Categories of an Undesired Aircraft State
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,1. Aircraft Handling - Aircraft handling in the air - Track &
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
speed deviations, airspace penetration, non stabilised
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
approach.
2. Ground Navigation - Management of aircraft while
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
navigating on ground (this includes taxi speed!)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
3. Aircraft Configuration - Settings & Configurations of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Aircraft ie. Power setting, fuel configuration, Autopilot
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
mode, loading configuration.
|\ |\
What are the three methods of coping with stress?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Action Coping - Removing yourself or altering situation
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Cognitive Coping - Psychological change
|\ |\ |\ |\
Symptom-Directed Coping - Drugs & Alcohol |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What are the 3 gas laws pertinent to Human Factors?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Boyles Law (Pressure & Volume)
|\ |\ |\ |\
Charles Law (Partial Pressure - Concentration)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Daltons Law (Temperature & Volume)
|\ |\ |\ |\
You join a circuit on a right downwind what is the natural
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
tendency?
,The natural tendency is to keep the runway in view. Often
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
on a right downwind the runway is obstructed this causes
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the pilot to dip the wing towards the runway and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
descend. Descending is the most dangerous as we are|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
now lower than expected on approach!
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What are the notable problems with reliance on the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
vestibular system? |\
1. Not reliable without a visual indication
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
2. Also may cause nausea with conflicting information
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What are the three primary categories of errors?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Aircraft Handling Error - You touch the aircraft it's a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
handling error (ie. forgetting to put on carb heat)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Procedural Error - SOP's, Checklists, Approach Charts |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Communication Error - ATC, Crew Communication |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What are the three types of threats?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Anticipated - Pre-flight planning, or reviewed threats |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Unexpected - Usually inflight, anything we didn't prepare |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
for.
, Latent - Something that lies dormant and may not be
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
apparent until an error has been committed.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Difference between latent and unexpected threats are,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
latent threats can lie dormant on multiple flights without
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
being apparent while an unexpected threat will show up
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
in flight. Latent threat (Runway illusion), Unexpected
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Threat (Aircraft on that runway)
|\ |\ |\ |\
What are the two categories of threats?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Environmental (Weather, Airspace Communication, |\ |\ |\ |\
Ground environments, Terrain, Operational pressures such
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
as arriving late)
|\ |\ |\
Organisational (Documentation errors/ incorrect data |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
entry, tour of duty problems)
|\ |\ |\ |\
What temperature ranges are considered
|\ |\ |\ |\
"Uncomfortable"
|\
<15°C and >30°C |\ |\
What are "Zeitgerbers"?
|\ |\
