PCB 3233
PCB 3233 Exam 1 UCF Questions and Answers 2026
Immunology is the study of
physiological mechanisms that are used to defend the body from invasion by
foreign or infectious agents
In response to diseases caused by infectious agents, the body develops cells
dedicated to defense, these form...
the immune system
protective/adaptive immunity takes time to develop while
________________________ can _________ _______- and cause disease
microorganisms can rapidly multiply
Immunity involves two responses:
1. Flexible but specific defenses of the adaptive immune response
2. Fixed defenses of the innate immune response
PRRs (pattern recognition receptors)
receptors that recognize PAMPs
PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns)
Molecules associated with groups of pathogens that are recognized by cells of
the innate immune system.
Cells in In adaptive =
B and T cells
(you MUST inheret something from your parents)
To make B and T cells you need
three segments of DNA that make a gene.
During vaccination we are given the strongest
primary adaptive immune response
microbes survive on ..... and release
PCB 3233
,PCB 3233
-animal and plant products
-release digestive enzymes
microbes grow on
living tissues (extracellular) where they are bathed in nutrients
other intracellular microbes infect animal/human cells, utilizing
host cell sources
Some microbes are ________ and even __________ (ex:_____________)
some are harmless and helpful
ex: E. Coli
What is protecive immunity?
People who survive a specific infection become immune to it
Adaptive memory immune
To provide protective immunity, the immune system must first
engage the microorganism
What is the lag time between infection and protection?
around 7 days
True or false, the first infection is the most dangerous one
true
true or false, Disease is prevented by prior exposure to an attenuated/killed
infectious agent
true
Who recognized that only those who had recovered from the plague could nurse
the sick without becoming sick again?
430 BC- Thucydides
During the fifteenth century- Chinese and Turks used what to induce immunity?
What is this called?
dried crusts from smallpox pustules (inhaled or inserted into small cuts in the
skin "variolation")
PCB 3233
,PCB 3233
Origins of immunology attributed to who? What did he discover?
-Edward Jenner
-Discovered in 1796 that cowpox "vaccinia" protected from human smallpox
vaccine
prevents disease by exposing the immune system to the infectious agent in a
weakened state
Purpose of vaccines
long term protection with little chance of getting sick
a pathogen is
Any organism with potential to cause disease or
Microbe that causes disease
ex: Influenza and typhoid bacillus
Opportunistic pathogens cause disease if
the body's defenses are weakened or it gets into a part of the body it isn't
normally found.
What are the four classes of pathogens?
bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites
Candida albicans-
normal inhabitant of the human body, thrush & systemic infections
Staphylococcus aureus-
gram positive bacterium that colonizes human skin, pimples & boils
Mycobacterium tuberculosis-
causes tuberculosis
Over _____ microbial species in the human gut (normal flora) This is called
-1000
-Commensal bacteria (eat at the same table. Not harmful)
What is first line of external defense against infection?
skin - it is a tough impenetrable barrier
PCB 3233
, PCB 3233
If a disease shares the same _________ (like smallpox and cowpox) you can use
one or the other to create a vaccination
epitope
Mucosal surfaces are bathed in mucus; thick fluid containing
___________________, ____________________, and _____________________ -
protective
glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and enzymes
Lysozyme in tears (~ 40% of protein) and saliva is
- antibacterial
Why is Respiratory tract mucus continuously removed?
to clear unwanted material
stomach, vagina, skin acidic
protective against bacteria
Defensins do what
poke holes in the pathogen
Gram-positive bacteria
Bacteria that have a thick peptido glycan cell wall, and no outer membrane.
They stain very darkly (purple) in Gram stain.
-NO LPS (Lipopolysaccharide)
-Has LTA
Gram-negative bacteria
Bacteria that have a thin peptidoglycan cell wall covered by an outer plasma
membrane. They stain very lightly (pink) in Gram stain. Gram-negative bacteria
are typically more resistant to antibiotics than Gram-positive bacteria.
-Has LPS (Lipopolysaccharide)
-NO LTA (Lipoteichoic acid)
Coccus means...
circle shaped
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
PCB 3233
PCB 3233 Exam 1 UCF Questions and Answers 2026
Immunology is the study of
physiological mechanisms that are used to defend the body from invasion by
foreign or infectious agents
In response to diseases caused by infectious agents, the body develops cells
dedicated to defense, these form...
the immune system
protective/adaptive immunity takes time to develop while
________________________ can _________ _______- and cause disease
microorganisms can rapidly multiply
Immunity involves two responses:
1. Flexible but specific defenses of the adaptive immune response
2. Fixed defenses of the innate immune response
PRRs (pattern recognition receptors)
receptors that recognize PAMPs
PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns)
Molecules associated with groups of pathogens that are recognized by cells of
the innate immune system.
Cells in In adaptive =
B and T cells
(you MUST inheret something from your parents)
To make B and T cells you need
three segments of DNA that make a gene.
During vaccination we are given the strongest
primary adaptive immune response
microbes survive on ..... and release
PCB 3233
,PCB 3233
-animal and plant products
-release digestive enzymes
microbes grow on
living tissues (extracellular) where they are bathed in nutrients
other intracellular microbes infect animal/human cells, utilizing
host cell sources
Some microbes are ________ and even __________ (ex:_____________)
some are harmless and helpful
ex: E. Coli
What is protecive immunity?
People who survive a specific infection become immune to it
Adaptive memory immune
To provide protective immunity, the immune system must first
engage the microorganism
What is the lag time between infection and protection?
around 7 days
True or false, the first infection is the most dangerous one
true
true or false, Disease is prevented by prior exposure to an attenuated/killed
infectious agent
true
Who recognized that only those who had recovered from the plague could nurse
the sick without becoming sick again?
430 BC- Thucydides
During the fifteenth century- Chinese and Turks used what to induce immunity?
What is this called?
dried crusts from smallpox pustules (inhaled or inserted into small cuts in the
skin "variolation")
PCB 3233
,PCB 3233
Origins of immunology attributed to who? What did he discover?
-Edward Jenner
-Discovered in 1796 that cowpox "vaccinia" protected from human smallpox
vaccine
prevents disease by exposing the immune system to the infectious agent in a
weakened state
Purpose of vaccines
long term protection with little chance of getting sick
a pathogen is
Any organism with potential to cause disease or
Microbe that causes disease
ex: Influenza and typhoid bacillus
Opportunistic pathogens cause disease if
the body's defenses are weakened or it gets into a part of the body it isn't
normally found.
What are the four classes of pathogens?
bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites
Candida albicans-
normal inhabitant of the human body, thrush & systemic infections
Staphylococcus aureus-
gram positive bacterium that colonizes human skin, pimples & boils
Mycobacterium tuberculosis-
causes tuberculosis
Over _____ microbial species in the human gut (normal flora) This is called
-1000
-Commensal bacteria (eat at the same table. Not harmful)
What is first line of external defense against infection?
skin - it is a tough impenetrable barrier
PCB 3233
, PCB 3233
If a disease shares the same _________ (like smallpox and cowpox) you can use
one or the other to create a vaccination
epitope
Mucosal surfaces are bathed in mucus; thick fluid containing
___________________, ____________________, and _____________________ -
protective
glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and enzymes
Lysozyme in tears (~ 40% of protein) and saliva is
- antibacterial
Why is Respiratory tract mucus continuously removed?
to clear unwanted material
stomach, vagina, skin acidic
protective against bacteria
Defensins do what
poke holes in the pathogen
Gram-positive bacteria
Bacteria that have a thick peptido glycan cell wall, and no outer membrane.
They stain very darkly (purple) in Gram stain.
-NO LPS (Lipopolysaccharide)
-Has LTA
Gram-negative bacteria
Bacteria that have a thin peptidoglycan cell wall covered by an outer plasma
membrane. They stain very lightly (pink) in Gram stain. Gram-negative bacteria
are typically more resistant to antibiotics than Gram-positive bacteria.
-Has LPS (Lipopolysaccharide)
-NO LTA (Lipoteichoic acid)
Coccus means...
circle shaped
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
PCB 3233
