CLASSICS 2902 ANCIENT MEDICINE EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS| UPDATED Using something that mimics the solution you're trying to attain. Main concern of women's medicine? Fertility Were abortive methods acceptable? Yes, they were known a

CLASSICS 2902 ANCIENT MEDICINE EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS| UPDATED Using something that mimics the solution you're trying to attain. Main concern of women's medicine? Fertility Were abortive methods acceptable? Yes, they were known and used with no consequences Silphium plant Mainly a contraceptive but also a cough syrup and sauce. Went extinct in 3/4th CE Pennyroyal? Contraceptive mentioned in Aristophanes play Pomegranate? Contraceptive mentioned in myths and medical works. Also an abortifaciant. Bean paste? Contraceptive Lacedaemonian leap? Exercise to prevent pregnancy Why would men be against abortion? They wanted legitimate heirs When was a religious distinction made for abortion? Once the fetus' form was recognizable Why did the HC advise against abortion? Failed abortions would tarnish the name of medicine For what reason can legal action be taken for an abortion? The mother is killed or the father's right to a legitimate heir are violated. Parthenos? young girl gyne? Wife/Woman hodos? pathway from the mouth of the womb to the vagina Best time for conception according to Soranus? As the menses end, after a snack with present desire Predominant theory of conception in the classical and archaic period? Persian god of war and destruction 2 Persian god of fertility and harvest 3 Persian deity of wisdom and knowledge 4 Persian supreme god and healer Don't know? Terms in this set (125) Original Surgeries in the Sushruta Samhita (6 of them)? Rhinoplasty, ear, throat, urinary, fistula, tumor. Erasistratus (who is he, what's his specialty?) Surgeon specializing in abdominal surgery. Philoxenus (Who is he, what is his specialty? Surgeon specializing in tumors. Ammonius (Who is he and what is his specialty?) Surgeon specializing in his own method for crushing bladder stones. Celcus' idea of a good surgeron? young, stable hands, ambidextrous, good eyes, undaunted but merciful soul. Henbane? Mild narcotic, pain killer, belladonna family Opium poppy? Pain killer, prescribed despite the knowledge of it's addictive quality. White mandrake? Sleeping draught. Robert Liston? 19th c 2 minute bladder stone removal William Cheselden? 18th C 1 min bladder stone romoval Antiseptic options? honey, pitch, turpentine, wine, vinegar Where did we find surgical instrumments? Pompeii and Herculaneum (1ce) Instrumentarium? scalpels, forceps, hooks and probes, retractors. Types of Anesthesia? Physical, psych, inhalation/ingestion Methods of physical aesthesia? knock-out, Peripheral nerve compression, CO2 (CPR), compression of jugular veins, bleeding. types of psych anesthesiology Calling on the divine, hypnotism Types of inhalated or ingested anesthetic? Cannabis, belladonnas, opium, hydrocyanic acid, mandrake Poppy, low dose? stimulant Poppy high dose? depresses. Poppy dangers? variable strength may result in death. Poppy to Laudanum? Mix with mandrake, boiled poppy in wine. Improvement in antiquity after laudanum was invented. Then morphine was created. Hyoscyamus? Species of wild opium, mostly seen in Indian medicine for c-section. Hemlock Local anesthetic, eaten it depresses senses and motor skills. Too much will asphyxiate you. Garlic and onions Small dose: stimulant, large dose: sedative. Used for soldiers before a fight and also for hysteria. Medes? 10th cent BCE, indo-euro group who migrated to the north west of the Iranian plateau. They settled in Parsa due to frequent fights with the Assyrians. What are the names of the 5 dynasties that ruled Persia? Medes, Achaemenid, Seleucid, Parthian, Sassanian What are the 3 periods of Persian medicine? Indo-european, Imperial and Islamic What are the religions of Persia? Zoroastrianism, buddhism, hinduism, manichaeism, gnosticism Main view in Persian cosmology? Good versus evil 'Good' in Persian cosmology? Upholding cosmic order, keeping human-human and human-god relationships in good order How do Persian gods differ from Olympians? They do not collaborate. They are separated by 'good and evil What was involved in Persian magical practice? Dream interpretation, divination and soul travel. What were the components to Persian healing rituals? Oral and physical rites. How did Persians view human bodies in medicine? They are battle grounds for good and evil. What causes disease in Persian medicine? Attempts from hostile spirit to destroy order and community cohesion and bad magic How did Persians heal the sick? The healing plant of Ahura, divine help, physical rites and a charged substance. Persian healers? Could only be priests. Methods for healing in Persian medicine? Direct commands from a priest, calling on the light of the sun, moon and stars, spells and rituals for human obedience. Ahura Mazda? Persian supreme god and healer Airyaman? Persian god of harmonic union (friendship), taught humans purification rituals, popular until 3rdCE and was syncretized with Jesus. Anahita? Persian god of divine water, wisdom, fertility, healing. Predates zoroastrianism, equates to Istar and Artemis. Azi Dahaka? Persian. Son of hostile spirit, god of venomous animals, source of injury. Fravashis? Persian. Protective spirits, midwives for the cosmos and humans, concepts of aryaman and ameratat. Sources of Persian medicine? Arabic translations of Old and Middle Persian texts. Herodotus and Xenophon. Archaeology not posted in english. Indian cause of illness? Divine Rudra causes what? How? Which culture? Acute pain. Arrows. Indian Takman? Who are they, what do they cause and what culture? Fire demon. Causes fevers. Indian. Kushtha? What is it and what culture Healing plant for fever in Indian culture sushruta samhita? Ancient Indian medical text. Which culture has the most ancient medical culture? Indian What does the Sushruta cover and when was it written? Entire field of medicine. Written in 6th century BCE. Focus on prevention rather than curative treatment Ayurveda? What is the important concepts? Disease is caused by imbalances in consciousness. It focuses on universal interconnectedness, physical constitution and life forces. Elements in ayurveda? fire, water, air, earth and ether. Humors in ayurveda? bile, phlegm and wind Doshas? Humors. Pitta (fire), kapha (earth/water), vata (air/wind) 8 branches of ayurveda? internal medicine, surgery, ear/eye/nose/throat, paediatrics, toxicology, purification of the reproductive organs, health and longevity and psych/spiritual healing Problems in chinese medicine? Cant be summarized easily due to wide culture, cannot trace an evolution of medicine Why was wine significant to chinese medicine? It was considered the most important medicine of all in the Han dynasty. What did the chinese character 'yi' stand for? Man who treats illness with liquor how many kinds of acupuncture needles? 9 How did the Chinese think about the human body (metaphorically) A bureaucracy Where did the chinese medical theories and beliefs come from? Sages and Heros Yellow Emperor? Chinese emperor with ties to cosmic patterns and divination Numinous Pivot? First reference to qi Chinese equivalent to humors? Qi, blood, yin, yang, channels Mai? channels, blood vessels, pathways of sensation and pulse How many cardinal tracts? How are they split? 12 total, 6 yin and 6 yang How many extra tracts? 8 Renmai? confluence of yin tracts Dumai? Confluence of yang tracts Decuman tracts? Communicate between yin and yang tracts. The connecting points are acupoints When did medicine dev in chinese medicine? Han dynasties (206BCE-220CE) Medical school examination in chinese med? introduced in 165BCE Taixue? Chinese Imperial Academy founded in 124BCE When did national medical services get established in Chinese med? Han Dynasty When was the 1st hospital established in Chinese med? 491CE Whats the 'cure-all' for women in antiquity? sex In HC, what is used to expell afterbirth, semen or menses? Squirting cucumber Why do many remedies for women use the same herbs as in purification ritual? Women were 'impure' Simile Similibus treatment? Pangenesis: both men and women contribute seed from their entire body How does Soranus explain any birth defects or miscarriages? The woman's soul not being happy and clear How is sex decided (pangenesis) The amount of seed provided by each parent Which side of the body is associated with men? The right How long was pregnancy? 7-10 months. Boys on the shorter side Length of time till the fetus is articulated according to Aristotle? 40 days for boys and 90 days for girls Length of time till the fetus is articulated according to HC? 30 days for boys and 42 for girls In what month do women miscarry most? first 40 days of the 7th month When does labour occur? last 40 days of the 8th month how did midwives learn? Attendance, observation and experience Idea midwife? Literate, good memory, hard worker, strong, long slim fingers with short nails Tasks of a midwife? tend to the pregnant, preserve health, prevent miscarriage, help in labour and assess infant health Dioptra? speculum Magna Graecia spread of greek culture Where did cultural hybridization begin? Delos Dogmatism? 'logical' or 'rationalists'. Focus on finding causes of phenomena. Belief in hidden causes. Empiricists? Focus on observation and recording. Denounces the search for causes and focuses on treatment. Skeptic? Roman name for empiricists Theophrastus Father of botany Diocles of Carystus First systematic dissection. Splits medicine into symptomatology, etiology and theraputics. Praxagoras of Kos Asklepiad. 11 humors. heart is the seat of the soul and origin of thought. Brain is an appendage of the spine. Mantias Botanist focusing on compound meds Krateuas Botanist Apollodorus Studied poisons Why was Ptolemaic Egypt unique to the med world? Allowed dissection. Who were the healing deities of Ptolemaic Egypt? Sarapis, isis, imhotep and Amenhotep Seminal figures in Alexandrian dissection? Herophilus and Erasistratus: the fathers of anatomy Greek view of the body and soul? They are separate and dissection won't disturb the soul Herophilus of Chalcedon Pioneer of dissection. Identified nerves, origin of pulse and seperated med into health, disease and the neutrals Erasistratus Pioneer in anatomy. Identified the cerebrum from the cerebellum and the ventricles and valves of the heart.