3/21/26, 3:21 PM NUR-641E Advanced Pathophysiology and Pharmacology for the Nurse
NUR-641E Advanced Pathophysiology and Pharmacology for
the Nurse Educator Exam Most Recent Exam Actual
Complete Real Exam Questions And Correct Answers
(Verified Answers) Already Graded A+ || Guaranteed
Success!! Newest Exam | Just Released!!
Pharmacokinetics
Involves ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination).
Absorption: absorption from the administration site either directly or indirectly
into the blood/plasma.
Distribution: reversibly or irreversibly move from the bloodstream into the
interstitial and intracellular fluid.
Metabolism: bio-transformed via hepatic metabolism or by other
tissues. Elimination: lastly, the drug & its metabolites are eliminated
from the body
The route of administration with the highest bio-availability is
Intravenous; putting entire dose into a patient's vein and bypassing
absorption. Intravenous route avoids first-pass metabolism in the
liver.
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,3/21/26, 3:21 PM NUR-641E Advanced Pathophysiology and Pharmacology for the Nurse
rectal administration disadvantages
variable and erratic absorption
Steady state (SS)
is usually reached within 4-5 half-lives of a drug
The half-life of a drug is defined as
how long it takes for half the drug to be excreted from the body
Half-life of a drug
Determines how frequently the drug must be
administered Predicts how long toxic effects can
last
Half-life is constant with first-order pharmacokinetics of a drug
Zero-order (nonlinear) pharmacokinetics means a drug is metabolized at a
constant rate per unit time.
CYP3A4 substrate drugs
May have enhanced activity if any CYP3A4 inducer drugs are used along with it.
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,3/21/26, 3:21 PM NUR-641E Advanced Pathophysiology and Pharmacology for the Nurse
Respiratory system: Asthma
is an obstructive airway disease associated with airflow obstruction, mucus
production, hyperactivity of the bronchial tissue, and inflammation.
Asthma
*Mild persistent asthma is best treated with a short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA)
plus an inhaled corticosteroid.
*Moderate persistent asthma is best treated with an inhaled low-dose corticosteroid
and a long-acting bronchodilator.
*Severe persistent asthma is best treated with a long-acting beta-2 agonist (LABA)
plus a high-potency inhaled corticosteroid plus an oral corticosteroid drug.
Asthma treatment
*Inhaled short-acting beta-2 agonists (SABA) are indicated only for PRN use.
*Long-acting beta-2 agonists (LABA, e.g., salmeterol) should never be used in an
acute asthma exacerbation; use a short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA, e.g., albuterol).
*Short-acting beta-2 agonists (SABA) are used in acute asthmatic attacks, but can
increase heart rate, tremors, nervousness, and reduce serum potassium levels.
/ 3/38
, 3/21/26, 3:21 PM NUR-641E Advanced Pathophysiology and Pharmacology for the Nurse
Asthma: Corticosteroid teaching
Instruct a patient on any inhaled corticosteroid product to rinse the mouth
after each use of the inhaled corticosteroid product.
Asthma: different types of inhalers used for treatments
*Advair (fluticasone and salmeterol) is an example of a long-acting beta agonist
and a corticosteroid.
*Anoro Ellipta (umeclidium/vilanterol) is an example of a long-acting beta
agonist and an anticholinergic agent.
*Combivent (albuterol/ipratropium) is an example of a short-acting beta agonist
and an anticholinergic agent.
*Tiotropium is long-acting anticholinergic agent, not for acute asthmatic
attacks, and is used once a day in asthma and COPD.
Cystic fibrosis (CF)
hereditary disorder of the exocrine glands characterized by excess mucus
production in the respiratory tract, pancreatic deficiency, and other symptoms
Cystic fibrosis (CF)
a pulmonary disorder typically seen in childhood, with an increased
production of a protein-producing thick mucus that blocks the airways,
pancreatic ducts, sweat gland ducts and vas deferens.
Cystic fibrosis (CF)
CF of the pancreas is also known as fibrocystic disease of the pancreas.
/ 4/38
NUR-641E Advanced Pathophysiology and Pharmacology for
the Nurse Educator Exam Most Recent Exam Actual
Complete Real Exam Questions And Correct Answers
(Verified Answers) Already Graded A+ || Guaranteed
Success!! Newest Exam | Just Released!!
Pharmacokinetics
Involves ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination).
Absorption: absorption from the administration site either directly or indirectly
into the blood/plasma.
Distribution: reversibly or irreversibly move from the bloodstream into the
interstitial and intracellular fluid.
Metabolism: bio-transformed via hepatic metabolism or by other
tissues. Elimination: lastly, the drug & its metabolites are eliminated
from the body
The route of administration with the highest bio-availability is
Intravenous; putting entire dose into a patient's vein and bypassing
absorption. Intravenous route avoids first-pass metabolism in the
liver.
/ 1/38
,3/21/26, 3:21 PM NUR-641E Advanced Pathophysiology and Pharmacology for the Nurse
rectal administration disadvantages
variable and erratic absorption
Steady state (SS)
is usually reached within 4-5 half-lives of a drug
The half-life of a drug is defined as
how long it takes for half the drug to be excreted from the body
Half-life of a drug
Determines how frequently the drug must be
administered Predicts how long toxic effects can
last
Half-life is constant with first-order pharmacokinetics of a drug
Zero-order (nonlinear) pharmacokinetics means a drug is metabolized at a
constant rate per unit time.
CYP3A4 substrate drugs
May have enhanced activity if any CYP3A4 inducer drugs are used along with it.
/ 2/38
,3/21/26, 3:21 PM NUR-641E Advanced Pathophysiology and Pharmacology for the Nurse
Respiratory system: Asthma
is an obstructive airway disease associated with airflow obstruction, mucus
production, hyperactivity of the bronchial tissue, and inflammation.
Asthma
*Mild persistent asthma is best treated with a short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA)
plus an inhaled corticosteroid.
*Moderate persistent asthma is best treated with an inhaled low-dose corticosteroid
and a long-acting bronchodilator.
*Severe persistent asthma is best treated with a long-acting beta-2 agonist (LABA)
plus a high-potency inhaled corticosteroid plus an oral corticosteroid drug.
Asthma treatment
*Inhaled short-acting beta-2 agonists (SABA) are indicated only for PRN use.
*Long-acting beta-2 agonists (LABA, e.g., salmeterol) should never be used in an
acute asthma exacerbation; use a short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA, e.g., albuterol).
*Short-acting beta-2 agonists (SABA) are used in acute asthmatic attacks, but can
increase heart rate, tremors, nervousness, and reduce serum potassium levels.
/ 3/38
, 3/21/26, 3:21 PM NUR-641E Advanced Pathophysiology and Pharmacology for the Nurse
Asthma: Corticosteroid teaching
Instruct a patient on any inhaled corticosteroid product to rinse the mouth
after each use of the inhaled corticosteroid product.
Asthma: different types of inhalers used for treatments
*Advair (fluticasone and salmeterol) is an example of a long-acting beta agonist
and a corticosteroid.
*Anoro Ellipta (umeclidium/vilanterol) is an example of a long-acting beta
agonist and an anticholinergic agent.
*Combivent (albuterol/ipratropium) is an example of a short-acting beta agonist
and an anticholinergic agent.
*Tiotropium is long-acting anticholinergic agent, not for acute asthmatic
attacks, and is used once a day in asthma and COPD.
Cystic fibrosis (CF)
hereditary disorder of the exocrine glands characterized by excess mucus
production in the respiratory tract, pancreatic deficiency, and other symptoms
Cystic fibrosis (CF)
a pulmonary disorder typically seen in childhood, with an increased
production of a protein-producing thick mucus that blocks the airways,
pancreatic ducts, sweat gland ducts and vas deferens.
Cystic fibrosis (CF)
CF of the pancreas is also known as fibrocystic disease of the pancreas.
/ 4/38
