And Answers
/.Term - Answer-Definition
/.Biomagnification - Answer-some organisms accumulate chemical residues in higher
concentrations than those found in the organisms they consume
/.Food chain - Answer-sequence of amimals feeding in a natural environment
/.Non-living agents - Answer-some plants are damaged by weather extremes, salts, air
polutants, and inadequate or excessive fertilization
/.Pest host - Answer-animal or plant on which the organism lives
/.Natural controls - Answer-measures that destroy pests without dependance on
humans for continued success (climate, wind, heat, rain)
/.Applied controls - Answer-biological, mechanical, cultual, physical, genetic, chamical,
and regulatory
/.Biological control - Answer-involves locating the native home of the pest and
introducing a suitible natural enemy into the system. Can be one of the most economic
means of control.
/.Mechanical control - Answer-use of devices, machines, or other physical methods to
control pests or alter their environment
/.Cultural control - Answer-alter the condition of the host plant/site, environment, or pest
behavior to prevent or supress an infestation
/.Physical modification - Answer-altering the light, humidity, temperature, etc. of the
pests environment
/.Host resistance / genetic control - Answer-genetic modoification = host resistant
species
/.Chemical control - Answer-pesticifes that are naturally derived or synthesised
/.Pesticide - Answer-any material applied to soil, plants, water, cropsm structures,
clothing or animals to kill, attract, repel, or interrupt the growth and mating of pests, or to
regulate plant growth
, /.Mode of action - Answer-denotes what specific system in the pest is affected by the
pesticide
/.Systemics - Answer-absorbed through leaves or roots and transported within the plant
/.Contact pesticides - Answer-not absorbed and must come in direct contact with the
target peat
/.Residual pesticides - Answer-control pests for weeks, months, years
/.Regulatory control - Answer-for problems that involve pests that pose a serious danger
to public health or are likely to cause widespread damage to crops or animals
/.Quarantine - Answer-process designed to prevent entry of pests into pest free areas
/.Eradication - Answer-eliminate a pest from a designated area
/.IPM - Answer-balanced tactical approach to pest control - limited reliance on
pesticides - minimize damage with least risk to environment
/.IPM Components - Answer-(1) ID pest and understand biology, (2) monitor the pest to
be managed (3) develop pest management goal (eradication, supression, prevention),
(4) implement IPM management program, (5) record and evaluate results
/.Key pests - Answer-may cause regular damage unless controlled (e.g., weeds)
/.Occasional pests - Answer-cause problems only periodically, usually based on
lifecycle and environmental factors (e.g., ants)
/.Secondary pests - Answer-become pronlematic after another pest is controlled and a
niche is exposed
/.Economic threshold - Answer-pest population density at which control is required to
prevent economic injury level
/.Econimic injuy level - Answer-pest population densith causes losses equal to the cost
of control measures
/.Action threshold - Answer-pest level at which management action must be taken
/.Pesticide resistance - Answer-ability or insect, fungas, rodent, weed, or pest to tolerate
a pesticide that once controlled it
/.FIFRA - Answer-enacted in 1947, ammended in 1972, 75, 78, 88. Federal law
regulating pesticide use