HESI - Fundamentals practice questions
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1. When turning an immobile B
bedridden client without assis- Rationale: Because the nurse can only stand on one side
tance, which action by the nurse of the bed, bed rails should be up on the opposite side
best ensures client safety? to ensure that the client does not fall out of bed. Option
A. Securely grasp the client's arm A can cause client injury to the skin or joint. Options C
and leg. and D are useful techniques while turning a client but
B. Put bed rails up on the side of have less priority in terms of safety than use of the bed
bed opposite from the nurse. rails.
C. Correctly position and use a
turn sheet.
D. Lower the head of the client's
bed slowly.
2. The nurse identifies a poten- B
tial for infection in a client with Rationale: Careful handwashing technique is the single
partial-thickness (second-degree) most effective intervention for the prevention of contam-
and full-thickness (third-degree) ination to all clients. Option A reverses the hypovolemia
burns. What intervention has the that initially accompanies burn trauma but is not related
highest priority in decreasing the to decreasing the proliferation of infective organisms.
client's risk of infection? Options C and D are recommended by various burn cen-
A. Administration of plasma ex- ters as possible ways to reduce the chance of infection.
panders Option B is a proven technique to prevent infection.
B. Use of careful handwashing
technique
C. Application of a topical antibac-
terial cream
D. Limiting visitors to the client
with burns
3. The nurse is aware that malnutri- A
tion is a common problem among Rationale: Long-term protein deficiency is required to
clients served by a community cause significantly lowered serum albumin levels. Albu-
, HESI - Fundamentals practice questions
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health clinic for the homeless. min is made by the liver only when adequate amounts
Which laboratory value is the most of amino acids (from protein breakdown) are available.
reliable indicator of chronic pro- Albumin has a long half-life, so acute protein loss does
tein malnutrition? not significantly alter serum levels. Option B is a serum
A. Low serum albumin level protein with a half-life of only 8 to 10 days, so it will drop
B. Low serum transferrin level with an acute protein deficiency. Options C and D are not
C. High hemoglobin level clinical measures of protein malnutrition.
D. High cholesterol level
4. In completing a client's preopera- C
tive routine, the nurse finds that Rationale: The surgeon should be informed immediately
the operative permit is not signed. that the permit is not signed. It is the surgeon's respon-
The client begins to ask more sibility to explain the procedure to the client and obtain
questions about the surgical pro- the client's signature on the permit. Although the nurse
cedure. Which action should the can witness an operative permit, the procedure must
nurse take next? first be explained by the health care provider or surgeon,
A. Witness the client's signature to including answering the client's questions. The client's
the permit. questions should be addressed before the permit is
B. Answer the client's questions signed.
about the surgery.
C. Inform the surgeon that the op-
erative permit is not signed and
the client has questions about the
surgery.
D. Reassure the client that the sur-
geon will answer any questions
before the anesthesia is adminis-
tered.
5. The nurse is assessing several B
clients prior to surgery. Which fac- Rationale:
tor in a client's history poses the Anticoagulants increase the risk for bleeding during
, HESI - Fundamentals practice questions
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greatest threat for complications surgery, which can pose a threat for the development of
to occur during surgery? surgical complications. The health care provider should
A. Taking birth control pills for the be informed that the client is taking these drugs. Al-
past 2 years though clients who take birth control pills may be more
B. Taking anticoagulants for the susceptible to the development of thrombi, such prob-
past year lems usually occur postoperatively. A client with option
C. Recently completing antibiotic C or D is at less of a surgical risk than with option B.
therapy
D. Having taken laxatives PRN for
the last 6 months
6. When assisting a client from the B
bed to a chair, which procedure is Rationale: Option B describes the correct positioning of
best for the nurse to follow? the nurse and affords the nurse a wide base of sup-
A. Place the chair parallel to the port while stabilizing the client's knees when assisting
bed, with its back toward the head to a standing position. The chair should be placed at a
of the bed and assist the client in 45-degree angle to the bed, with the back of the chair
moving to the chair. toward the head of the bed. Clients should never be
B. With the nurse's feet spread lifted under the axillae; this could damage nerves and
apart and knees aligned with the strain the nurse's back. The client should be instructed
client's knees, stand and pivot the to use the arms of the chair and should never place his
client into the chair. or her arms around the nurse's neck; this places undue
C. Assist the client to a standing stress on the nurse's neck and back and increases the
position by gently lifting upward, risk for a fall.
underneath the axillae.
D. Stand beside the client, place
the client's arms around the
nurse's neck, and gently move the
client to the chair.
7. Which step(s) should the nurse A, B
take when administering ear Rationale: The correct answers (A and B) are the appro-
, HESI - Fundamentals practice questions
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drops to an adult client? (Select all priate administration of ear drops. The dropper should
that apply.) be held 1 cm (½ inch) above the ear canal (C). A cotton
A. Place the client in a side-lying ball should be placed in the outermost canal (D). The
position. auricle is pulled down and back for a child younger than
B. Pull the auricle upward and out- 3 years of age, but not an adult (E).
ward.
C. Hold the dropper 6 cm above
the ear canal.
D. Place a cotton ball into the inner
canal.
E. Pull the auricle down and back.
8. The nurse is instructing a client in B
the proper use of a metered-dose Rationale: The medication should be inhaled through
inhaler. Which instruction should the mouth simultaneously with compression of the in-
the nurse provide the client to en- haler. This will facilitate the desired destination of the
sure the optimal benefits from the aerosol medication deep in the lungs for an optimal
drug? bronchodilation effect. Options A, C, and D do not allow
A. "Fill your lungs with air through for deep lung penetration.
your mouth and then compress
the inhaler."
B. "Compress the inhaler while
slowly breathing in through your
mouth."
C. "Compress the inhaler while
inhaling quickly through your
nose."
D. "Exhale completely after com-
pressing the inhaler and then in-
hale."
9.
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1. When turning an immobile B
bedridden client without assis- Rationale: Because the nurse can only stand on one side
tance, which action by the nurse of the bed, bed rails should be up on the opposite side
best ensures client safety? to ensure that the client does not fall out of bed. Option
A. Securely grasp the client's arm A can cause client injury to the skin or joint. Options C
and leg. and D are useful techniques while turning a client but
B. Put bed rails up on the side of have less priority in terms of safety than use of the bed
bed opposite from the nurse. rails.
C. Correctly position and use a
turn sheet.
D. Lower the head of the client's
bed slowly.
2. The nurse identifies a poten- B
tial for infection in a client with Rationale: Careful handwashing technique is the single
partial-thickness (second-degree) most effective intervention for the prevention of contam-
and full-thickness (third-degree) ination to all clients. Option A reverses the hypovolemia
burns. What intervention has the that initially accompanies burn trauma but is not related
highest priority in decreasing the to decreasing the proliferation of infective organisms.
client's risk of infection? Options C and D are recommended by various burn cen-
A. Administration of plasma ex- ters as possible ways to reduce the chance of infection.
panders Option B is a proven technique to prevent infection.
B. Use of careful handwashing
technique
C. Application of a topical antibac-
terial cream
D. Limiting visitors to the client
with burns
3. The nurse is aware that malnutri- A
tion is a common problem among Rationale: Long-term protein deficiency is required to
clients served by a community cause significantly lowered serum albumin levels. Albu-
, HESI - Fundamentals practice questions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_6llf8n
health clinic for the homeless. min is made by the liver only when adequate amounts
Which laboratory value is the most of amino acids (from protein breakdown) are available.
reliable indicator of chronic pro- Albumin has a long half-life, so acute protein loss does
tein malnutrition? not significantly alter serum levels. Option B is a serum
A. Low serum albumin level protein with a half-life of only 8 to 10 days, so it will drop
B. Low serum transferrin level with an acute protein deficiency. Options C and D are not
C. High hemoglobin level clinical measures of protein malnutrition.
D. High cholesterol level
4. In completing a client's preopera- C
tive routine, the nurse finds that Rationale: The surgeon should be informed immediately
the operative permit is not signed. that the permit is not signed. It is the surgeon's respon-
The client begins to ask more sibility to explain the procedure to the client and obtain
questions about the surgical pro- the client's signature on the permit. Although the nurse
cedure. Which action should the can witness an operative permit, the procedure must
nurse take next? first be explained by the health care provider or surgeon,
A. Witness the client's signature to including answering the client's questions. The client's
the permit. questions should be addressed before the permit is
B. Answer the client's questions signed.
about the surgery.
C. Inform the surgeon that the op-
erative permit is not signed and
the client has questions about the
surgery.
D. Reassure the client that the sur-
geon will answer any questions
before the anesthesia is adminis-
tered.
5. The nurse is assessing several B
clients prior to surgery. Which fac- Rationale:
tor in a client's history poses the Anticoagulants increase the risk for bleeding during
, HESI - Fundamentals practice questions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_6llf8n
greatest threat for complications surgery, which can pose a threat for the development of
to occur during surgery? surgical complications. The health care provider should
A. Taking birth control pills for the be informed that the client is taking these drugs. Al-
past 2 years though clients who take birth control pills may be more
B. Taking anticoagulants for the susceptible to the development of thrombi, such prob-
past year lems usually occur postoperatively. A client with option
C. Recently completing antibiotic C or D is at less of a surgical risk than with option B.
therapy
D. Having taken laxatives PRN for
the last 6 months
6. When assisting a client from the B
bed to a chair, which procedure is Rationale: Option B describes the correct positioning of
best for the nurse to follow? the nurse and affords the nurse a wide base of sup-
A. Place the chair parallel to the port while stabilizing the client's knees when assisting
bed, with its back toward the head to a standing position. The chair should be placed at a
of the bed and assist the client in 45-degree angle to the bed, with the back of the chair
moving to the chair. toward the head of the bed. Clients should never be
B. With the nurse's feet spread lifted under the axillae; this could damage nerves and
apart and knees aligned with the strain the nurse's back. The client should be instructed
client's knees, stand and pivot the to use the arms of the chair and should never place his
client into the chair. or her arms around the nurse's neck; this places undue
C. Assist the client to a standing stress on the nurse's neck and back and increases the
position by gently lifting upward, risk for a fall.
underneath the axillae.
D. Stand beside the client, place
the client's arms around the
nurse's neck, and gently move the
client to the chair.
7. Which step(s) should the nurse A, B
take when administering ear Rationale: The correct answers (A and B) are the appro-
, HESI - Fundamentals practice questions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_6llf8n
drops to an adult client? (Select all priate administration of ear drops. The dropper should
that apply.) be held 1 cm (½ inch) above the ear canal (C). A cotton
A. Place the client in a side-lying ball should be placed in the outermost canal (D). The
position. auricle is pulled down and back for a child younger than
B. Pull the auricle upward and out- 3 years of age, but not an adult (E).
ward.
C. Hold the dropper 6 cm above
the ear canal.
D. Place a cotton ball into the inner
canal.
E. Pull the auricle down and back.
8. The nurse is instructing a client in B
the proper use of a metered-dose Rationale: The medication should be inhaled through
inhaler. Which instruction should the mouth simultaneously with compression of the in-
the nurse provide the client to en- haler. This will facilitate the desired destination of the
sure the optimal benefits from the aerosol medication deep in the lungs for an optimal
drug? bronchodilation effect. Options A, C, and D do not allow
A. "Fill your lungs with air through for deep lung penetration.
your mouth and then compress
the inhaler."
B. "Compress the inhaler while
slowly breathing in through your
mouth."
C. "Compress the inhaler while
inhaling quickly through your
nose."
D. "Exhale completely after com-
pressing the inhaler and then in-
hale."
9.
