NEURO USAHS- EXAM #1 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
Forebrain - ANSWER -The largest and most complicated region of the brain, including
the thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, and cerebrum.
Midbrain - ANSWER -A small part of the brain above the pons that integrates sensory
information and relays it upward.
The tectum, cerebal peduncles and tegmentum
Hindbrain - ANSWER -medulla, pons, cerebellum, reticular formation
Germinal stage - ANSWER -the 2-week period of prenatal development that begins at
conception
(Epidymal) (inner)-lines central canal and ventricles (cells create cilia)
Mantle layer - ANSWER -gray matter
Marginal layer - ANSWER -white matter
Glutamate - ANSWER -A major excitatory neurotransmitter; involved in memory
Modulation of synaptic plasticity
Activation of second messenger systems
GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) - ANSWER -a major inhibitory neurotransmitter
Regulates communication between brain cells
Acetylcholine - ANSWER -A neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and
also triggers muscle contraction
athetic functions
Neuromodulation
Norepinephrine - ANSWER -A neurotransmitter involved in arousal, as well as in
learning and mood regulation
Sympathetic function
Neuromodulation
, Dopamine - ANSWER -A neurotransmitter associated with movement, attention and
learning and the brain's pleasure and reward system.
Nueromodulation
Serotonin - ANSWER -Affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal
Mood stabilizer and neuromodulation
Histamine - ANSWER -A chemical that is responsible for the symptoms of an allergy
exitatory neuromodulaton
Glycine - ANSWER -Converts glucose to energy and help create muscle tissue
Inhibitory neurotransmission
Peptide - ANSWER -short chain of amino acids - proteins
Neuromodulation
What structures make up the diencephalon? - ANSWER -thalamus, hypothalamus,
epithalamus
What structures make up gray matter? - ANSWER -cerebral hemispheres the gray
matter cortex is outside, on the inside of the brainstem and spinal cord
Thalamus, Basal ganglia, Cortex, cranial nerve nuclei
Limbic system
Limbic system - ANSWER -neural system located below the cerebral hemispheres;
associated with emotions and drives
Regulations of emotions, memory, appetitive drives, autonomic and neuroendocrine
control.
Neuro exams include: - ANSWER --hand strength, limb strength
-ability to follow commands
-ability to move eyes in equal and uniform fashion
-deep pain stimulus response
-symmetrical and coordinated movement
-clear, speech.
-Mental status: orientation, memory, language
AND ANSWERS
Forebrain - ANSWER -The largest and most complicated region of the brain, including
the thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, and cerebrum.
Midbrain - ANSWER -A small part of the brain above the pons that integrates sensory
information and relays it upward.
The tectum, cerebal peduncles and tegmentum
Hindbrain - ANSWER -medulla, pons, cerebellum, reticular formation
Germinal stage - ANSWER -the 2-week period of prenatal development that begins at
conception
(Epidymal) (inner)-lines central canal and ventricles (cells create cilia)
Mantle layer - ANSWER -gray matter
Marginal layer - ANSWER -white matter
Glutamate - ANSWER -A major excitatory neurotransmitter; involved in memory
Modulation of synaptic plasticity
Activation of second messenger systems
GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) - ANSWER -a major inhibitory neurotransmitter
Regulates communication between brain cells
Acetylcholine - ANSWER -A neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and
also triggers muscle contraction
athetic functions
Neuromodulation
Norepinephrine - ANSWER -A neurotransmitter involved in arousal, as well as in
learning and mood regulation
Sympathetic function
Neuromodulation
, Dopamine - ANSWER -A neurotransmitter associated with movement, attention and
learning and the brain's pleasure and reward system.
Nueromodulation
Serotonin - ANSWER -Affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal
Mood stabilizer and neuromodulation
Histamine - ANSWER -A chemical that is responsible for the symptoms of an allergy
exitatory neuromodulaton
Glycine - ANSWER -Converts glucose to energy and help create muscle tissue
Inhibitory neurotransmission
Peptide - ANSWER -short chain of amino acids - proteins
Neuromodulation
What structures make up the diencephalon? - ANSWER -thalamus, hypothalamus,
epithalamus
What structures make up gray matter? - ANSWER -cerebral hemispheres the gray
matter cortex is outside, on the inside of the brainstem and spinal cord
Thalamus, Basal ganglia, Cortex, cranial nerve nuclei
Limbic system
Limbic system - ANSWER -neural system located below the cerebral hemispheres;
associated with emotions and drives
Regulations of emotions, memory, appetitive drives, autonomic and neuroendocrine
control.
Neuro exams include: - ANSWER --hand strength, limb strength
-ability to follow commands
-ability to move eyes in equal and uniform fashion
-deep pain stimulus response
-symmetrical and coordinated movement
-clear, speech.
-Mental status: orientation, memory, language
