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What is the correct chronological sequence of Freud's
Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital
psychosexual stages of development?
Which two attitudes toward life, proposed by Carl Jung,
are considered his most important contributions to the Extroversion and Introversion
field of personality psychology?
Alfred Adler founded "individual psychology" which sug-
gests that the fundamental force behind all human be- Feelings of inferiority
havior is the drive to compensate for what?
How did Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory of develop-
He suggested that personality develops throughout the
ment ditter most significantly from Freud's psychosexual
entire lifespan
theory?
According to Erikson's stages of development, which stage
occurs during adolescence (ages 12-18) and involves ex- Identity vs Confusion
perimenting with roles?
Karen Horney suggested that normal growth can be
Childhood experiences of loneliness and isolation when
blocked by "basic anxiety." What did she believe was the
needs are not met
source of this anxiety?
Which of Karen Horney's three coping styles is character-
ized by detachment and isolation, where adults may avoid Moving away from people
love and friendship?
Which theorist believed that therapy is an experience that
can help people reconnect with their organismic valuing Carl Rogers
process which guide healthy development?
categories of people (e.g., introverts) with similar charac-
teristics that are used to describe personality: each person
Types
belongs to one category, and there are no partial mem-
berships within a category.
Behavioral responses to stimuli define a person's behavior
Personality Traits
and reactions to various situations.
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What role do cognitive processes have on personality? Shaping personality dynamics
Which factor is a prominent role in personality dynamics,
Unconscious dynamics
according to Sigmund Freud?
Biological factors, including genetics, can contribute to the
What role does biology have in influencing personality
predisposition of certain personality traits in early child-
development in early childhood?
hood.
What is a common theme among modern theories of
How a person thinks is an important aspect of personality.
personality dynamics?
Consideration of the description, motivations, and origins
What do all personality theories have in common?
of personality.
What issue focuses on understanding the traits that dis-
Individual ditterences
tinguish people?
It allows researchers to make cause-ettect conclusions by
What is the benefit of experimental research in psycholo- manipulating independent variables and observing dif-
gy? ferences in dependent variable between experimental
and control groups.
What is the goal of conducting basic research? To advance scientific knowledge
Which subject would be the focus of a case study exam-
An individual person
iniation?
What assumption is central to the scientific method? Determinism
Which example indicates test validity? The test measures what is claims to measure.
Which aspect of personality operates outside of a person's
The preconscious
awareness?
Which statement represents a "types" approach to de- It uses qualitative groupings to categorize people with
scribing personality? similar personality characteristics.
What does a correlational study examine? The potential relationship between factors.
, Which is a characteristic of the scientific culture of psyco-
Laboratory research setting.
hology?
Which is an example of a cognitive component that attects
How people label experiences.
personality dynamics?
Which is an example of how culture attects personality? Individualism is related to more extraverted behaviors.
What does the criterion of verifiability emphasize in eval- The precision and testability of its constructs through sci-
uating a theory? entific methods.
What do psychoanalytic theorists emphasize as critical for
Experiences during preschool years.
personality development?
What plays a major role in personality dynamics according
Cognitive processes and cultural influences.
to modern personality theory?
Which characteristic is associated with experimentation as It puts hypothesized cause-ettect relationships to direct
a method for personality research? test.
The completion of specific developmental stages is essen-
What is the premise of psychosexual theory? tial in shaping an individual's personality across the life
span.
How does psychodynamic theory explain a person's be- It considers early childhood experiences and the uncon-
haviors and mental processes? scious mind.
How is trust versus mistrust defined in Erikson's stages of By learning that basic needs, such as nourishment and
development? attection, will be met.
Which of Jung's approaches to life is still widely accepted Extraversion and introversion indicate whether energy is
today in the field of personality psychology? drawn from external sources of the inner psyche.
The part of the unconscious mind responsible for auto-
Adaptive unconscious
matic processes and quick decision-making.
The process of achieving a deeper understanding of one-
Self-realization self and integrating the unconscious elements into the
consciousness.