WGU D564 Theories of Personality OA Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Includes
Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!!
Current Update!!
the idea similar to that of a sculptor that shapes a piece of
shaping clay into a statue by gradually shaving here and there until
a square block comes to resemble a person or an animal.
an aversive consequence that follows an act in order to
punishment
stop the act and prevent its repetition.
1. availability of alternatives (e.g., Halloween party so kids
avoid pranks) 2. behavioral and situational specificity 3.
timing and consistency (e.g., hitting dog for making mess
five principles of how to punish
hours earlier) 4. conditioning secondary punishing stimuli
(e.g., counting to 3) 5. avoiding mixed messages (e.g.,
cuddling with child after punishing)
1. punishment arouses emotion 2. it is diflcult to be con-
sistent 3. it is diflcult to gauge the severity of punishment
dangers of punishment
4. punishment teaches misuse of power 5. punishment
motivates concealment
in Dollard and Miller's social learning theory, all of the
habit hierarchy behaviors an individual might do, ranked in order from
most to least probable.
in learning theories, a state of psychological tension, the
drive
reduction of which feels good.
in learning theories, a drive that is innate to an organism,
primary drives
such as the hunger drive.
in learning theories, a drive that is learned through its
association with primary drives, and includes drives for
secondary drives
love, prestige, money, power, and the avoidance of fear
and of humiliation.
in Dollard and Miller's social learning theory, the hypoth-
frustration-aggression hypothesis esis that frustration automatically creates an impulse to-
ward aggression.
approach-avoidance conflict
,in Dollard and Miller's social learning theory, the psy-
chological conflict induced by a stimulus that is at once
attractive and aversive (e.g., sky-diving).
1. an increase in drive strength will increase the tendency
to approach or avoid a goal. 2. whenever there are two
competing responses, the stronger one (i.e., the one with
greater drive strength behind it) will win out. 3. the ten-
five key assumptions of the approach-avoidance conflict
dency to approach a positive goal increases the closer one
gets to the goal. 4. the tendency to avoid a negative goal
also increases the closer one gets to that goal 5. most
important, tendency 4 is stronger than tendency 3.
Rotter's theory of how the value and perceived attainability
expectancy value theory of a goal combine to attect the probability of a goal-seek-
ing behavior.
in Rotter's social learning theory, the degree to which an
expectancy
individual believes a behavior will probably attain its goal.
in Bandura's social learning theory, one's belief that one
eflcacy expectations
can perform a given goal-directed behavior.
in behaviorism, a change in behavior as a result of expe-
learning
rience.
the theoretical view of personality that focuses on overt
behaviorism behavior and the ways in which it can be attected by
rewards and punishments in the environment.
in behaviorism, a description of how a behavior is a func-
functional analysis tion of the environment of the person or animal that per-
forms it.
the idea that everything a person knows comes from ex-
empiricism
perience.
, Latin for 'blank slate,' term used by 19th century philoso-
tabula rasa pher John Locke used to describe the mind of a newborn
baby ready to be written on by experience.
the idea that all complex ideas are combinations of two or
associationism
more simple ideas.
the idea that people are motivated to seek pleasure and
hedonism
avoid pain.
the fundamental motivations of pleasure and pain explain
rewards and punishment on motivation
why rewards and punishments shape behavior.
the idea that the best society is the one that creates the
utilitarianism
most happiness for the largest number of people.
the decrease in response to a stimulus on repeated appli-
habituation
cations; this is the simplest kind of learning.
the kind of learning in which an unconditioned response
(such as salivating), that is naturally elicited by one stim-
classical conditioning
ulus (such as food), becomes elicited also by a new, con-
ditioned stimulus (such as a bell).
a belief that nothing one does matters, derived from an
learned helplessness experience of random or unpredictable reward and pun-
ishment, and theorized to be a basis of depression.
respondent conditioning Skinner's term for classical conditioning.
Skinner's term for the process of learning in which an or-
operant conditioning ganism's behavior is shaped by the ettect of the behavior
on the environment.
in operant conditioning, a reward that, when applied fol-
reinforcement lowing a behavior, increases the frequency of that behav-
ior.
Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!!
Current Update!!
the idea similar to that of a sculptor that shapes a piece of
shaping clay into a statue by gradually shaving here and there until
a square block comes to resemble a person or an animal.
an aversive consequence that follows an act in order to
punishment
stop the act and prevent its repetition.
1. availability of alternatives (e.g., Halloween party so kids
avoid pranks) 2. behavioral and situational specificity 3.
timing and consistency (e.g., hitting dog for making mess
five principles of how to punish
hours earlier) 4. conditioning secondary punishing stimuli
(e.g., counting to 3) 5. avoiding mixed messages (e.g.,
cuddling with child after punishing)
1. punishment arouses emotion 2. it is diflcult to be con-
sistent 3. it is diflcult to gauge the severity of punishment
dangers of punishment
4. punishment teaches misuse of power 5. punishment
motivates concealment
in Dollard and Miller's social learning theory, all of the
habit hierarchy behaviors an individual might do, ranked in order from
most to least probable.
in learning theories, a state of psychological tension, the
drive
reduction of which feels good.
in learning theories, a drive that is innate to an organism,
primary drives
such as the hunger drive.
in learning theories, a drive that is learned through its
association with primary drives, and includes drives for
secondary drives
love, prestige, money, power, and the avoidance of fear
and of humiliation.
in Dollard and Miller's social learning theory, the hypoth-
frustration-aggression hypothesis esis that frustration automatically creates an impulse to-
ward aggression.
approach-avoidance conflict
,in Dollard and Miller's social learning theory, the psy-
chological conflict induced by a stimulus that is at once
attractive and aversive (e.g., sky-diving).
1. an increase in drive strength will increase the tendency
to approach or avoid a goal. 2. whenever there are two
competing responses, the stronger one (i.e., the one with
greater drive strength behind it) will win out. 3. the ten-
five key assumptions of the approach-avoidance conflict
dency to approach a positive goal increases the closer one
gets to the goal. 4. the tendency to avoid a negative goal
also increases the closer one gets to that goal 5. most
important, tendency 4 is stronger than tendency 3.
Rotter's theory of how the value and perceived attainability
expectancy value theory of a goal combine to attect the probability of a goal-seek-
ing behavior.
in Rotter's social learning theory, the degree to which an
expectancy
individual believes a behavior will probably attain its goal.
in Bandura's social learning theory, one's belief that one
eflcacy expectations
can perform a given goal-directed behavior.
in behaviorism, a change in behavior as a result of expe-
learning
rience.
the theoretical view of personality that focuses on overt
behaviorism behavior and the ways in which it can be attected by
rewards and punishments in the environment.
in behaviorism, a description of how a behavior is a func-
functional analysis tion of the environment of the person or animal that per-
forms it.
the idea that everything a person knows comes from ex-
empiricism
perience.
, Latin for 'blank slate,' term used by 19th century philoso-
tabula rasa pher John Locke used to describe the mind of a newborn
baby ready to be written on by experience.
the idea that all complex ideas are combinations of two or
associationism
more simple ideas.
the idea that people are motivated to seek pleasure and
hedonism
avoid pain.
the fundamental motivations of pleasure and pain explain
rewards and punishment on motivation
why rewards and punishments shape behavior.
the idea that the best society is the one that creates the
utilitarianism
most happiness for the largest number of people.
the decrease in response to a stimulus on repeated appli-
habituation
cations; this is the simplest kind of learning.
the kind of learning in which an unconditioned response
(such as salivating), that is naturally elicited by one stim-
classical conditioning
ulus (such as food), becomes elicited also by a new, con-
ditioned stimulus (such as a bell).
a belief that nothing one does matters, derived from an
learned helplessness experience of random or unpredictable reward and pun-
ishment, and theorized to be a basis of depression.
respondent conditioning Skinner's term for classical conditioning.
Skinner's term for the process of learning in which an or-
operant conditioning ganism's behavior is shaped by the ettect of the behavior
on the environment.
in operant conditioning, a reward that, when applied fol-
reinforcement lowing a behavior, increases the frequency of that behav-
ior.
