FNDH 400 EXAMS 2026 BUNDLE
COMPILATION FINAL REVIEW BUNDLED
SOLUTION PACKAGE
◉ Proteins are made of. Answer: Carbon, Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
◉ Lipids include. Answer: fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids
◉ Lipids are made of. Answer: Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
◉ Macronutrients definition. Answer: Nutrients needed in large amounts
◉ Micronutrients definition. Answer: Nutrients needed in smaller
amounts but still important
◉ What are the macronutrients?. Answer: Carbs, Proteins, Lipids, Water
◉ What are the micronutrients?. Answer: Vitamins and minerals
◉ What is a vitamin. Answer: COMPOUNDS essential for normal
physiological processes
,◉ What is a mineral. Answer: ELEMENTS essential for normal
physiological processes in the body
◉ What is a calorie?. Answer: Energy needed to raise 1 g of water 1
degree C
◉ How are kcals determined. Answer: A food is put into a bomb
calorimeter and the energy output is determined by the heat produced
◉ Kcal/g of the nutrients. Answer: Carbs: 4
Proteins: 4
Lipids: 9
Vitamins, Minerals, Water: 0
Alcohol: 7 (but not a nutrient)
◉ Phytochemical definition. Answer: Compounds found in plants that
are believed to provide healthy benefits beyond the traditional nutrients
◉ Phytochemical found in tomatoes that is thought to decrease cancer
risk (esp. prostate). Answer: Lycopene
◉ Diets rich in _____ and ___ have been shown with a decreased rate in
chronic diseases.. Answer: fruits and vegetables
,◉ Zoochemicals. Answer: Compounds found in animals that are
believed to provide healthy benefits beyond the traditional nutrients
◉ Compounds that are both phyto and zoochemicals. Answer: Lutein
and Zeaxanthin - yellow carotenoids found in kale, spinach, and corn. or
found in egg yolk
◉ Functional food defintion. Answer: A food, or food ingredient, that
may provide a health benefit beyond the traditional nutrients it contains
◉ Scientific method. Answer:
◉ 3 types of studies. Answer: Cross-sectional: Present
Case-control: Past
Prospective cohort: future
◉ Cross-sectional study. Answer: Compare different populations at the
same point in time
◉ Example of a cross-sectional study. Answer: French paradox. Despite
consuming same amount of cholesterol/saturated fat france had 5x lower
death rate from coronary heart disease. Led to research into resveratol
(red wine)
, ◉ Ecologic fallacy. Answer: Believing that members of the group have
characteristcs, which as individuals they do not
◉ Case control study. Answer: Look at a group of cases vs controls
Retrospective
Often uses food frequency questionnaires
◉ Prospective Cohort study. Answer: Initial information on a group
collected (food frequency questionnaire) and then group is followed over
time to quantify health outcomes of the individual
◉ Framingham Heart Study. Answer: Started in 1948
Following residents to identify risk factors for heart disease
◉ Nurses Health Study. Answer: Started in 1976
Every 4 years, 122k nurses are given food frequency questionnaires
◉ Health Professionals Follow up study. Answer: Started in 1986
51K male health professionals
Every 4 years, food frequency questionnaires
COMPILATION FINAL REVIEW BUNDLED
SOLUTION PACKAGE
◉ Proteins are made of. Answer: Carbon, Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
◉ Lipids include. Answer: fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids
◉ Lipids are made of. Answer: Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
◉ Macronutrients definition. Answer: Nutrients needed in large amounts
◉ Micronutrients definition. Answer: Nutrients needed in smaller
amounts but still important
◉ What are the macronutrients?. Answer: Carbs, Proteins, Lipids, Water
◉ What are the micronutrients?. Answer: Vitamins and minerals
◉ What is a vitamin. Answer: COMPOUNDS essential for normal
physiological processes
,◉ What is a mineral. Answer: ELEMENTS essential for normal
physiological processes in the body
◉ What is a calorie?. Answer: Energy needed to raise 1 g of water 1
degree C
◉ How are kcals determined. Answer: A food is put into a bomb
calorimeter and the energy output is determined by the heat produced
◉ Kcal/g of the nutrients. Answer: Carbs: 4
Proteins: 4
Lipids: 9
Vitamins, Minerals, Water: 0
Alcohol: 7 (but not a nutrient)
◉ Phytochemical definition. Answer: Compounds found in plants that
are believed to provide healthy benefits beyond the traditional nutrients
◉ Phytochemical found in tomatoes that is thought to decrease cancer
risk (esp. prostate). Answer: Lycopene
◉ Diets rich in _____ and ___ have been shown with a decreased rate in
chronic diseases.. Answer: fruits and vegetables
,◉ Zoochemicals. Answer: Compounds found in animals that are
believed to provide healthy benefits beyond the traditional nutrients
◉ Compounds that are both phyto and zoochemicals. Answer: Lutein
and Zeaxanthin - yellow carotenoids found in kale, spinach, and corn. or
found in egg yolk
◉ Functional food defintion. Answer: A food, or food ingredient, that
may provide a health benefit beyond the traditional nutrients it contains
◉ Scientific method. Answer:
◉ 3 types of studies. Answer: Cross-sectional: Present
Case-control: Past
Prospective cohort: future
◉ Cross-sectional study. Answer: Compare different populations at the
same point in time
◉ Example of a cross-sectional study. Answer: French paradox. Despite
consuming same amount of cholesterol/saturated fat france had 5x lower
death rate from coronary heart disease. Led to research into resveratol
(red wine)
, ◉ Ecologic fallacy. Answer: Believing that members of the group have
characteristcs, which as individuals they do not
◉ Case control study. Answer: Look at a group of cases vs controls
Retrospective
Often uses food frequency questionnaires
◉ Prospective Cohort study. Answer: Initial information on a group
collected (food frequency questionnaire) and then group is followed over
time to quantify health outcomes of the individual
◉ Framingham Heart Study. Answer: Started in 1948
Following residents to identify risk factors for heart disease
◉ Nurses Health Study. Answer: Started in 1976
Every 4 years, 122k nurses are given food frequency questionnaires
◉ Health Professionals Follow up study. Answer: Started in 1986
51K male health professionals
Every 4 years, food frequency questionnaires
