FNP 545 FINAL PAPER AND PRACTICE
SETS 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+
⩥ What is the initial pharmacologic treatment for a patient with newly
diagnosed type 2 diabetes and an A1C of 7.5%?
A) Metformin
B) Insulin glargine
C) Glipizide
D) Pioglitazone. Answer: A) Metformin
Rationale: Metformin is the first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes due to
its efficacy, safety, and guideline support.
⩥ Which physical exam finding is most suggestive of heart failure in a
60-year-old patient?
A) S1 and S2 normal
B) S3 gallop
C) Mid-systolic click
D) Diastolic murmur. Answer: B) S3 gallop
Rationale: An S3 gallop indicates rapid ventricular filling and is a key
sign of heart failure.
,⩥ What is the recommended frequency of mammogram screening for
women aged 50-74 years with average risk?
A) Every 1 year
B) Every 2 years
C) Every 3 years
D) Every 5 years. Answer: B) Every 2 years
Rationale: The USPSTF recommends biennial mammography for
women aged 50-74 years with average risk.
⩥ Which medication class is contraindicated in patients with a sulfa
allergy for treating hypertension?
A) ACE inhibitors
B) Thiazide diuretics
C) Calcium channel blockers
D) Beta-blockers. Answer: B) Thiazide diuretics
Rationale: Thiazide diuretics contain sulfa, posing a risk of cross-
reactivity in sulfa-allergic patients.
⩥ What is the primary intervention for a patient experiencing an acute
asthma exacerbation?
A) Inhaled corticosteroid
B) Short-acting beta-agonist (SABA)
C) Long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA)
,D) Oral corticosteroid. Answer: B) Short-acting beta-agonist (SABA)
Rationale: SABA (e.g., albuterol) is the first-line treatment to relieve
acute bronchospasm.
⩥ Which lab value is the best indicator of kidney function in a patient
with diabetes?
A) Serum creatinine
B) Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)
C) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
D) Hemoglobin A1C. Answer: B) Estimated glomerular filtration rate
(eGFR)
Rationale: eGFR provides the most accurate assessment of kidney
function and progression of diabetic nephropathy.
⩥ What is the most common symptom of gastroesophageal reflux
disease (GERD) in adults?
A) Hematemesis
B) Heartburn
C) Dysphagia
D) Weight loss. Answer: B) Heartburn
Rationale: Heartburn, a burning sensation in the chest, is the hallmark
symptom of GERD.
, ⩥ Which cranial nerve is assessed by testing taste on the anterior two-
thirds of the tongue?
A) VII (Facial)
B) IX (Glossopharyngeal)
C) X (Vagus)
D) XII (Hypoglossal). Answer: A) VII (Facial)
Rationale: CN VII mediates taste via the chorda tympani for the anterior
tongue.
⩥ What is the initial step in managing a patient with suspected acute
otitis media?
A) Prescribe antibiotics immediately
B) Perform pneumatic otoscopy
C) Order a CT scan D) Administer analgesics. Answer: B) Perform
pneumatic otoscopy
Rationale: Pneumatic otoscopy confirms diagnosis by assessing
tympanic membrane mobility.
⩥ Which preventive measure is recommended for a 55-year-old smoker
to reduce cardiovascular risk? A) Daily aspirin therapy
B) Smoking cessation counseling
C) Statin therapy
D) Beta-blocker initiation. Answer: B) Smoking cessation counseling
SETS 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+
⩥ What is the initial pharmacologic treatment for a patient with newly
diagnosed type 2 diabetes and an A1C of 7.5%?
A) Metformin
B) Insulin glargine
C) Glipizide
D) Pioglitazone. Answer: A) Metformin
Rationale: Metformin is the first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes due to
its efficacy, safety, and guideline support.
⩥ Which physical exam finding is most suggestive of heart failure in a
60-year-old patient?
A) S1 and S2 normal
B) S3 gallop
C) Mid-systolic click
D) Diastolic murmur. Answer: B) S3 gallop
Rationale: An S3 gallop indicates rapid ventricular filling and is a key
sign of heart failure.
,⩥ What is the recommended frequency of mammogram screening for
women aged 50-74 years with average risk?
A) Every 1 year
B) Every 2 years
C) Every 3 years
D) Every 5 years. Answer: B) Every 2 years
Rationale: The USPSTF recommends biennial mammography for
women aged 50-74 years with average risk.
⩥ Which medication class is contraindicated in patients with a sulfa
allergy for treating hypertension?
A) ACE inhibitors
B) Thiazide diuretics
C) Calcium channel blockers
D) Beta-blockers. Answer: B) Thiazide diuretics
Rationale: Thiazide diuretics contain sulfa, posing a risk of cross-
reactivity in sulfa-allergic patients.
⩥ What is the primary intervention for a patient experiencing an acute
asthma exacerbation?
A) Inhaled corticosteroid
B) Short-acting beta-agonist (SABA)
C) Long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA)
,D) Oral corticosteroid. Answer: B) Short-acting beta-agonist (SABA)
Rationale: SABA (e.g., albuterol) is the first-line treatment to relieve
acute bronchospasm.
⩥ Which lab value is the best indicator of kidney function in a patient
with diabetes?
A) Serum creatinine
B) Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)
C) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
D) Hemoglobin A1C. Answer: B) Estimated glomerular filtration rate
(eGFR)
Rationale: eGFR provides the most accurate assessment of kidney
function and progression of diabetic nephropathy.
⩥ What is the most common symptom of gastroesophageal reflux
disease (GERD) in adults?
A) Hematemesis
B) Heartburn
C) Dysphagia
D) Weight loss. Answer: B) Heartburn
Rationale: Heartburn, a burning sensation in the chest, is the hallmark
symptom of GERD.
, ⩥ Which cranial nerve is assessed by testing taste on the anterior two-
thirds of the tongue?
A) VII (Facial)
B) IX (Glossopharyngeal)
C) X (Vagus)
D) XII (Hypoglossal). Answer: A) VII (Facial)
Rationale: CN VII mediates taste via the chorda tympani for the anterior
tongue.
⩥ What is the initial step in managing a patient with suspected acute
otitis media?
A) Prescribe antibiotics immediately
B) Perform pneumatic otoscopy
C) Order a CT scan D) Administer analgesics. Answer: B) Perform
pneumatic otoscopy
Rationale: Pneumatic otoscopy confirms diagnosis by assessing
tympanic membrane mobility.
⩥ Which preventive measure is recommended for a 55-year-old smoker
to reduce cardiovascular risk? A) Daily aspirin therapy
B) Smoking cessation counseling
C) Statin therapy
D) Beta-blocker initiation. Answer: B) Smoking cessation counseling
