SCH4U GRADE 12 CHEMISTRY FINAL
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ Which of the following elements can form three bonds with other atoms?.
Answer: P (Phosphorus)
◍ The shape of a water (H2O) molecule is.
Answer: bent
◍ What is a nucleotide?.
Answer: Molecular consisting of a nitrogen containing base, a sugar, and
one or more phosphate groups
◍ What type of bond forms when amino acids polymerize?.
Answer: d. peptide bond
◍ A sample of oxygen gas has a volume of 2.1 L at 3.6 atm pressure and 200
K temperature.What would the volume of this sample be at 1.0 atm and 400
K?.
Answer: 15.1
◍ Q14: What is an ion?.
Answer: A charged atom. An atom that has either lost its outer electrons to
become stable or has gained electrons to become stable
◍ What is the Ksp expression of barium chloride (BaCl2).
Answer: Ksp = [Ba 2+][Cl-]2
◍ What law states that at constant temperature, the pressure and volume of a
given amount of gas are inversely proportional?.
Answer: c. Boyle's law
◍ Which of the following is the best reason that DNA bases are paired with
, hydrogen bonds instead of with covalent bonds?.
Answer: b. Hydrogen bonds are relatively weak, allowing that DNA strands
to be separated and copied.
◍ Q13: What do (excited state) and (ground state) mean in terms of Bohr's
Light Model.
Answer: The energy levels in an atom are not equally spaced. The higher
energy levels are closer together. Similarly, the higher the energy level
occupied by an electron, the less energy it takes the electron to move from
that energy level to the next higher energy level
◍ acidic.
Answer: describes a solution with a high concentration of H+ ions
◍ Q91: Create a table listing the different theories of acids and bases for
Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis.
Answer: "Arrhenius Theory": Acids are substances which produce hydrogen
ions in solution. Bases are substances which produce hydroxide ions in
solution."Bronsted-Lowry Theory": An acid is a proton (hydrogen ion)
donor. A base is a proton (hydrogen ion) acceptor."Lewis Theory": This
theory extends well beyond the things you normally think of as acids and
bases. The theory, An acid is an electron pair acceptor. A base is an electron
pair donor.
◍ A mixture consists of 45% oxygen, 12% argon, and 43% nitrogen by
volume. A sample of this mixture has a pressure of 2.0 atm in a 5.3 L
container at 350 K temperature. How many moles of gas are in the
container?.
Answer: 0.369
◍ mixture.
Answer: composed of two or more substances, but each keeps its original
properties
◍ The formula of iron(ll) carbonate is.
Answer: FeCO3
, ◍ electrostatic forces.
Answer: forces between charged objects
◍ Study the equilibrium system. 2CO(g) + O22(g) 2CO22(g)What will
happen if the pressure on the system increases?.
Answer: The quantity of CO22(g) increases.
◍ Water is a liquid at room temperature while methane is gas. Compare the
intermolecular forces in molecules.
Answer: The intermolecular forces in water are stronger than those in
methane
◍ Unsaturated fats are often liquids called.
Answer: oils
◍ Heisenberg uncertainty principle.
Answer: the principle states that it is not possible to know a particle's
location and momentum precisely at any time
◍ Q98: What is the concentration of hydroxide in water at room temperature?
What is KvW? How is it related to pH?.
Answer: At zero degrees C the solubility / gram is 42.86 100g hv2OKvW =
The Ionic product for water and pH is a measure of the acidity.
◍ renewable sources of energy.
Answer: sunphotovoltaic cells (solar signs)wind/ watergeothermal energy
(heat of water, ground)oceans of energy (waves0
◍ What is the partial pressure at which substance liquid and vapor phases are
in equilibrium?.
Answer: Vapor pressure
◍ What are the most important energy-producing compounds in a cell?.
Answer: a. carbohydrates
◍ Ca(OH)2 and Ba(OH)2.
Answer: Group 2, Strong Bases
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ Which of the following elements can form three bonds with other atoms?.
Answer: P (Phosphorus)
◍ The shape of a water (H2O) molecule is.
Answer: bent
◍ What is a nucleotide?.
Answer: Molecular consisting of a nitrogen containing base, a sugar, and
one or more phosphate groups
◍ What type of bond forms when amino acids polymerize?.
Answer: d. peptide bond
◍ A sample of oxygen gas has a volume of 2.1 L at 3.6 atm pressure and 200
K temperature.What would the volume of this sample be at 1.0 atm and 400
K?.
Answer: 15.1
◍ Q14: What is an ion?.
Answer: A charged atom. An atom that has either lost its outer electrons to
become stable or has gained electrons to become stable
◍ What is the Ksp expression of barium chloride (BaCl2).
Answer: Ksp = [Ba 2+][Cl-]2
◍ What law states that at constant temperature, the pressure and volume of a
given amount of gas are inversely proportional?.
Answer: c. Boyle's law
◍ Which of the following is the best reason that DNA bases are paired with
, hydrogen bonds instead of with covalent bonds?.
Answer: b. Hydrogen bonds are relatively weak, allowing that DNA strands
to be separated and copied.
◍ Q13: What do (excited state) and (ground state) mean in terms of Bohr's
Light Model.
Answer: The energy levels in an atom are not equally spaced. The higher
energy levels are closer together. Similarly, the higher the energy level
occupied by an electron, the less energy it takes the electron to move from
that energy level to the next higher energy level
◍ acidic.
Answer: describes a solution with a high concentration of H+ ions
◍ Q91: Create a table listing the different theories of acids and bases for
Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis.
Answer: "Arrhenius Theory": Acids are substances which produce hydrogen
ions in solution. Bases are substances which produce hydroxide ions in
solution."Bronsted-Lowry Theory": An acid is a proton (hydrogen ion)
donor. A base is a proton (hydrogen ion) acceptor."Lewis Theory": This
theory extends well beyond the things you normally think of as acids and
bases. The theory, An acid is an electron pair acceptor. A base is an electron
pair donor.
◍ A mixture consists of 45% oxygen, 12% argon, and 43% nitrogen by
volume. A sample of this mixture has a pressure of 2.0 atm in a 5.3 L
container at 350 K temperature. How many moles of gas are in the
container?.
Answer: 0.369
◍ mixture.
Answer: composed of two or more substances, but each keeps its original
properties
◍ The formula of iron(ll) carbonate is.
Answer: FeCO3
, ◍ electrostatic forces.
Answer: forces between charged objects
◍ Study the equilibrium system. 2CO(g) + O22(g) 2CO22(g)What will
happen if the pressure on the system increases?.
Answer: The quantity of CO22(g) increases.
◍ Water is a liquid at room temperature while methane is gas. Compare the
intermolecular forces in molecules.
Answer: The intermolecular forces in water are stronger than those in
methane
◍ Unsaturated fats are often liquids called.
Answer: oils
◍ Heisenberg uncertainty principle.
Answer: the principle states that it is not possible to know a particle's
location and momentum precisely at any time
◍ Q98: What is the concentration of hydroxide in water at room temperature?
What is KvW? How is it related to pH?.
Answer: At zero degrees C the solubility / gram is 42.86 100g hv2OKvW =
The Ionic product for water and pH is a measure of the acidity.
◍ renewable sources of energy.
Answer: sunphotovoltaic cells (solar signs)wind/ watergeothermal energy
(heat of water, ground)oceans of energy (waves0
◍ What is the partial pressure at which substance liquid and vapor phases are
in equilibrium?.
Answer: Vapor pressure
◍ What are the most important energy-producing compounds in a cell?.
Answer: a. carbohydrates
◍ Ca(OH)2 and Ba(OH)2.
Answer: Group 2, Strong Bases
