PN 4003 VARIATIONS IN HEALTH FINAL EXAM | ACTUAL
03/21/2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
PN 4003 Variations in Health Final Exam | Actual Questions
and Answers Latest Updated 2026/2027
The nurse knows to take extra care to check for signs of bruising or bleeding with which electrolyte
imblance?
Hypocalcemia
hypocalcemia can affect clotting
The emergency department (ED) nurse is caring for a client with a possible acid-base imbalance. The
physician has prescribed an arterial blood gas (ABG). What is one of the most important indications of
an acid-base imbalance that is shown in an ABG?
a)PaO2
b)PO2
c)Carbonic acid
d)Bicarbonate
The nursing instructor is talking with the nursing class about fluid and electrolyte balance. What would
the instructor tell the students that the average daily fluid intake for an adult is?
2500ml
The nurse is instructing on the body's negative feedback loop to ensure homeostasis to a group of
students. Which action by bases keeps the blood pH nearly neutral?
A. Bases cast off acids.
B. Bases bind with hydrogen.
3/21/2026
C. Bases hold acidic properties.
D. Bases have no contact with acids.
1
, PN 4003 VARIATIONS IN HEALTH FINAL EXAM | ACTUAL
03/21/2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
The nurse is correct to state that a client's body needs to have adequate nutrition to maintain energy.
Which type of transport of dissolved substances requires adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
A. Osmosis
B. Passive diffusion
C. Facilitated diffusion
D. Active transport
D- active transport requires use of bodys energy molecule ATP to meet body needs for fluid and
particle transport
Which laboratory result does the nurse identify as a direct result of the client's hypovolemic status with
hemoconcentration?
A. Abnormal potassium level
B. Elevated hematocrit level
C. Low white blood count
D. Low urine specific gravity
The nurse is caring for a client in heart failure with signs of hypervolemia. Which vital sign is indicative of
the disease process?
A. Low heart rate
B. Elevated blood pressure
C. Rapid respiration
D. Subnormal temperature
3/21/2026
2
, PN 4003 VARIATIONS IN HEALTH FINAL EXAM | ACTUAL
03/21/2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
A nurse is providing an afternoon shift report and relates morning assessment findings to the oncoming
nurse. Which daily assessment data is necessary to determine changes in the client's hypervolemia
status?
A. vital signs
B. edema
C. intake and output
D. weight
The nurse is reviewing client lab work for a critical lab value. Which value is called to the health care
provider for additional prescriptions?
A. Potassium: 5.8 mEq/L
B. Sodium: 138 mEq/L
C. Magnesium:2 mEq/L
D. Calcium: 10 mg/dL
The nurse is assigned a client with calcium level of 4.0 mg/dL. Which system assessment would the
nurse ask detailed questions?
A. Endocrine system
B. Gastrointestinal system
C. Neurological system
D. Musculoskeletal system
C- this pt has hypocalcemia. Nurse will monitor for neurological manifestations such as spasms and
seizures
The nurse is caring for a client with multiple organ failure and in metabolic acidosis. Which pair of organs
3/21/2026
is responsible for regulatory processes and compensation?
A. Kidney and liver
3
, PN 4003 VARIATIONS IN HEALTH FINAL EXAM | ACTUAL
03/21/2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
B. Heart and lungs
C. Lungs and kidney
D. Pancreas and stomach
The nurse receives report that a client's pH level is 7.4. Which nursing action would be most
appropriate?
A. Call the health care provider with the report.
B. Encourage the client to practice deep breathing.
C. Finish the head-to-toe assessment.
D. Obtain an ECG.
The nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) and is experiencing respiratory acidosis. The client asks what is making the acidotic state. What
does the nurse identify as the result of the disease process that causes the fall in pH?
A. The lungs are unable to breathe in sufficient oxygen.
B. The lungs are unable to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.
C. The lungs have ineffective cilia from years of smoking.
D. The lungs are not able to regulate carbonic acid levels.
The nurse is caring for a client with frequent dizziness. The nurse is evaluating the client for postural
hypotension. Which of the following symptoms would indicate a potential diagnosis?
A. A blood pressure elevation upon activity
B. A drop in systolic blood pressure (15 mm Hg) upon rising
C. A pulsating headache
3/21/2026
D. A drop in diastolic blood pressure (25 mmHg) upon rising
4
03/21/2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
PN 4003 Variations in Health Final Exam | Actual Questions
and Answers Latest Updated 2026/2027
The nurse knows to take extra care to check for signs of bruising or bleeding with which electrolyte
imblance?
Hypocalcemia
hypocalcemia can affect clotting
The emergency department (ED) nurse is caring for a client with a possible acid-base imbalance. The
physician has prescribed an arterial blood gas (ABG). What is one of the most important indications of
an acid-base imbalance that is shown in an ABG?
a)PaO2
b)PO2
c)Carbonic acid
d)Bicarbonate
The nursing instructor is talking with the nursing class about fluid and electrolyte balance. What would
the instructor tell the students that the average daily fluid intake for an adult is?
2500ml
The nurse is instructing on the body's negative feedback loop to ensure homeostasis to a group of
students. Which action by bases keeps the blood pH nearly neutral?
A. Bases cast off acids.
B. Bases bind with hydrogen.
3/21/2026
C. Bases hold acidic properties.
D. Bases have no contact with acids.
1
, PN 4003 VARIATIONS IN HEALTH FINAL EXAM | ACTUAL
03/21/2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
The nurse is correct to state that a client's body needs to have adequate nutrition to maintain energy.
Which type of transport of dissolved substances requires adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
A. Osmosis
B. Passive diffusion
C. Facilitated diffusion
D. Active transport
D- active transport requires use of bodys energy molecule ATP to meet body needs for fluid and
particle transport
Which laboratory result does the nurse identify as a direct result of the client's hypovolemic status with
hemoconcentration?
A. Abnormal potassium level
B. Elevated hematocrit level
C. Low white blood count
D. Low urine specific gravity
The nurse is caring for a client in heart failure with signs of hypervolemia. Which vital sign is indicative of
the disease process?
A. Low heart rate
B. Elevated blood pressure
C. Rapid respiration
D. Subnormal temperature
3/21/2026
2
, PN 4003 VARIATIONS IN HEALTH FINAL EXAM | ACTUAL
03/21/2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
A nurse is providing an afternoon shift report and relates morning assessment findings to the oncoming
nurse. Which daily assessment data is necessary to determine changes in the client's hypervolemia
status?
A. vital signs
B. edema
C. intake and output
D. weight
The nurse is reviewing client lab work for a critical lab value. Which value is called to the health care
provider for additional prescriptions?
A. Potassium: 5.8 mEq/L
B. Sodium: 138 mEq/L
C. Magnesium:2 mEq/L
D. Calcium: 10 mg/dL
The nurse is assigned a client with calcium level of 4.0 mg/dL. Which system assessment would the
nurse ask detailed questions?
A. Endocrine system
B. Gastrointestinal system
C. Neurological system
D. Musculoskeletal system
C- this pt has hypocalcemia. Nurse will monitor for neurological manifestations such as spasms and
seizures
The nurse is caring for a client with multiple organ failure and in metabolic acidosis. Which pair of organs
3/21/2026
is responsible for regulatory processes and compensation?
A. Kidney and liver
3
, PN 4003 VARIATIONS IN HEALTH FINAL EXAM | ACTUAL
03/21/2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
B. Heart and lungs
C. Lungs and kidney
D. Pancreas and stomach
The nurse receives report that a client's pH level is 7.4. Which nursing action would be most
appropriate?
A. Call the health care provider with the report.
B. Encourage the client to practice deep breathing.
C. Finish the head-to-toe assessment.
D. Obtain an ECG.
The nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) and is experiencing respiratory acidosis. The client asks what is making the acidotic state. What
does the nurse identify as the result of the disease process that causes the fall in pH?
A. The lungs are unable to breathe in sufficient oxygen.
B. The lungs are unable to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.
C. The lungs have ineffective cilia from years of smoking.
D. The lungs are not able to regulate carbonic acid levels.
The nurse is caring for a client with frequent dizziness. The nurse is evaluating the client for postural
hypotension. Which of the following symptoms would indicate a potential diagnosis?
A. A blood pressure elevation upon activity
B. A drop in systolic blood pressure (15 mm Hg) upon rising
C. A pulsating headache
3/21/2026
D. A drop in diastolic blood pressure (25 mmHg) upon rising
4
