NURS 301 Final Exam – Questions With
Comprehensive Solutions
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Terms in this set (183)
Cortex Outer portion of kidney, contains nephrons
(functional unit for urine formation)
Medulla Inner portion of kidney, contains loops of Henle, vasa
recta, and collecting ducts
Nephron Functional unit of kidney
Initial formation of urine
2 components: filtering element capillary network
(glomerulus) and tubule
,Functions of the kidney -Formation of urine
-Waste product excretion
-Electrolyte regulation
-Acid-base balance
-Water balance
-BP regulation
-Calcium/phosphorous balance
-Renal clearance
-RBC production
-Vitamin D synthesis
-Prostaglandin secretion
Glomerular filtration Filtration occurs as blood flows into glomerulus
Tubular resorption/secretion
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or Secreted by pituitary gland d/t responses in changes
vasopressin in osmolality of blood
ADH can act upon kidney increasing reabsorption of
water
Osmolarity Ratio of solute to water
Osmolality Number of osmoles (unit of osmotic pressure)
dissolved per kg of solution
,Aldosterone Hormone synthesized and released by adrenal
cortex
Responsible for sodium volume excretion
How does the renal system regulate Reabsorbs bicarbonate from urinary filtrate
acid-base balance?
Excretion of acid through urine
How does the renal system regulate Vasa recta detection and monitoring
blood pressure?
Renin secretion
How does the renal system regulate Final conversion of vitamin D to active form
vitamin D synthesis?
How does the renal system regulate Erythropoietin stimulates bone marrow to produce
RBC production? RBCs
How does the renal system regulate Prostaglandin E and prostacyclin production (helps
prostaglandin secretion? vasodilate)
How does the renal system regulate Urea (major waste product of protein metabolism),
waste product excretion? creatinine, phosphates, sulfates, uric acid
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) Amount of plasma filtered through glomeruli per
unit/time (125 mL/min - 200 mL/min)
Decreases with age
Urinalysis Assesses kidney function
, Urinalysis pH Acid/alkaline
Urinalysis color Yellow/amber
Urinalysis turbidity Normally clear
Urinalysis specific gravity Density r/t water 1.010-1.025
Urinalysis glucose Normally none
Urinalysis ketones Normally none
Urinalysis proteins Normally none - can indicate infection
Urinalysis sediment Abnormal cells, bacteria, etc.
Urine culture Bacteria present/strains/concentration
Urine sensitivity Antimicrobial therapy
KUB Ultrasound of kidneys, ureters, and bladder
Diagnostics for Urinary System KUB, bladder ultrasound, CT, MRI, IVP, retrograde
pyelogram, cystoscopy, cystogram, voiding
cystourethrography renal angiography, renal biopsy
IVP Intravenous pyelogram
Injection of contrast material into venous system, x-
ray images taken of urinary system - contrast material
enhances images so they can get a better image
Comprehensive Solutions
Save
Terms in this set (183)
Cortex Outer portion of kidney, contains nephrons
(functional unit for urine formation)
Medulla Inner portion of kidney, contains loops of Henle, vasa
recta, and collecting ducts
Nephron Functional unit of kidney
Initial formation of urine
2 components: filtering element capillary network
(glomerulus) and tubule
,Functions of the kidney -Formation of urine
-Waste product excretion
-Electrolyte regulation
-Acid-base balance
-Water balance
-BP regulation
-Calcium/phosphorous balance
-Renal clearance
-RBC production
-Vitamin D synthesis
-Prostaglandin secretion
Glomerular filtration Filtration occurs as blood flows into glomerulus
Tubular resorption/secretion
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or Secreted by pituitary gland d/t responses in changes
vasopressin in osmolality of blood
ADH can act upon kidney increasing reabsorption of
water
Osmolarity Ratio of solute to water
Osmolality Number of osmoles (unit of osmotic pressure)
dissolved per kg of solution
,Aldosterone Hormone synthesized and released by adrenal
cortex
Responsible for sodium volume excretion
How does the renal system regulate Reabsorbs bicarbonate from urinary filtrate
acid-base balance?
Excretion of acid through urine
How does the renal system regulate Vasa recta detection and monitoring
blood pressure?
Renin secretion
How does the renal system regulate Final conversion of vitamin D to active form
vitamin D synthesis?
How does the renal system regulate Erythropoietin stimulates bone marrow to produce
RBC production? RBCs
How does the renal system regulate Prostaglandin E and prostacyclin production (helps
prostaglandin secretion? vasodilate)
How does the renal system regulate Urea (major waste product of protein metabolism),
waste product excretion? creatinine, phosphates, sulfates, uric acid
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) Amount of plasma filtered through glomeruli per
unit/time (125 mL/min - 200 mL/min)
Decreases with age
Urinalysis Assesses kidney function
, Urinalysis pH Acid/alkaline
Urinalysis color Yellow/amber
Urinalysis turbidity Normally clear
Urinalysis specific gravity Density r/t water 1.010-1.025
Urinalysis glucose Normally none
Urinalysis ketones Normally none
Urinalysis proteins Normally none - can indicate infection
Urinalysis sediment Abnormal cells, bacteria, etc.
Urine culture Bacteria present/strains/concentration
Urine sensitivity Antimicrobial therapy
KUB Ultrasound of kidneys, ureters, and bladder
Diagnostics for Urinary System KUB, bladder ultrasound, CT, MRI, IVP, retrograde
pyelogram, cystoscopy, cystogram, voiding
cystourethrography renal angiography, renal biopsy
IVP Intravenous pyelogram
Injection of contrast material into venous system, x-
ray images taken of urinary system - contrast material
enhances images so they can get a better image
