LOUISIANA POST STUDYGUIDE EXAM (2025) QUESTIONS
AND (elaborated) WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
probable cause correct answers more than bare suspicion. it exist when the facts and
circumstances within the officers knowledge and of which they had reasonable trustworthy
information are sufficient in themselves
reasonable suspicion correct answers less demanding standard than probable cause not only in
the same sense that reasonable suspicion can be established with information that is different in
quantity and content that is required to establish probable cause. reasonable suspicion can arise
from information that is less reliable than that required to show probable cause.
Alabama V. White correct answers established Reasonable Suspicion
Man of reasonable caution correct answers the average man of the street, who under the same
circumstances, would believe that the person being arrested had committed the offense or that the
items to be seized would be found in a specific place
Illinois V. Gates correct answers established Totality of circumstances ( the test that if a neutral
and detached magistrate determines that, based on informants information and all other available
facts, there is probable cause to believe that an arrest or search is justified.
probable cause correct answers the level of certainty needed in order for a police officer to make
an arrest
reasonable suspicion correct answers the level of certainty needed in order for a police officer to
conduct a stop and frisk
Aguilar V. Texas correct answers Established a two prong test for determining probable cause on
the basis of information obtained from an informant :
,1. Reliability of the informant
2. Reliability of the informants information
Spinelli V. United States 1969 correct answers established an officer may use credible hearsay to
establish probable cause, but an affidavit based on an informants tip must satisfy the two-
pronged Aguilar Test
Illinois V. Gates correct answers established that totality of the circumstance replaced "separate
and independent" as the standard of probable cause in the Aguilar test.
Draper V. U.S. 1959 correct answers established that information from an informant plus
corroboration satisfied Probable Cause
New York Vs. Quarless correct answers established the public safety doctrine and affirmed
reasonable suspicion for the detention of a person matching the description of a suspect located
nearby the scene of the crime within minutes of it
Hayes V. Florida correct answers Reasonable suspicion alone does not permit the police to
transport a suspect to the police station to obtain fingerprints. Probable Cause or judicial
authorization is required
Minnesota V. Dickerson correct answers Established the "plain feel" doctrine that states that
when police officers conduct Terry-type searches for weapons, they are free to seize items
detected through their sense of touch, as long as the plain feel makes it "immediately apparent"
that the item is contraband. If an item seized through a search is not "immediately apparent,"
then it can be suppressed in court.
Dual Sovereignty correct answers the federal government and the states are separately sovereign.
So, the Federal government may prosecute offenders separately for crimes committed within
their jurisdiction.
jurisdiction correct answers the power of a court to try a case
, venue correct answers The geographic district in which a legal action is tried and from which the
jury is selected.
appellate review correct answers review of the results of a trial by a higher court
appellate court correct answers A court having jurisdiction to review cases and issues that were
originally tried in lower courts.
affirmation correct answers where the reviewing court agrees with the result of the lower court's
ruling
reversal correct answers where the court disagrees with the results of the lower court's ruling
reverse and remand decision correct answers where the reviewing court disagrees with the
verdict and sends the case back to the lower court for them to change their position
Direct Appeal correct answers an automatic appeal given to anyone sentenced to death. the
appeal is made to the highest court in the state for review
Stare decisis correct answers A Latin phrase meaning "to stand by decided cases" established that
Judges are obliged to respect the precedent established by prior decisions.
Judicial precedent correct answers established that decisions of courts have value as precedent
for future similar cases
first amendment correct answers Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of
religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the
press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a
redress of grievances.
AND (elaborated) WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
probable cause correct answers more than bare suspicion. it exist when the facts and
circumstances within the officers knowledge and of which they had reasonable trustworthy
information are sufficient in themselves
reasonable suspicion correct answers less demanding standard than probable cause not only in
the same sense that reasonable suspicion can be established with information that is different in
quantity and content that is required to establish probable cause. reasonable suspicion can arise
from information that is less reliable than that required to show probable cause.
Alabama V. White correct answers established Reasonable Suspicion
Man of reasonable caution correct answers the average man of the street, who under the same
circumstances, would believe that the person being arrested had committed the offense or that the
items to be seized would be found in a specific place
Illinois V. Gates correct answers established Totality of circumstances ( the test that if a neutral
and detached magistrate determines that, based on informants information and all other available
facts, there is probable cause to believe that an arrest or search is justified.
probable cause correct answers the level of certainty needed in order for a police officer to make
an arrest
reasonable suspicion correct answers the level of certainty needed in order for a police officer to
conduct a stop and frisk
Aguilar V. Texas correct answers Established a two prong test for determining probable cause on
the basis of information obtained from an informant :
,1. Reliability of the informant
2. Reliability of the informants information
Spinelli V. United States 1969 correct answers established an officer may use credible hearsay to
establish probable cause, but an affidavit based on an informants tip must satisfy the two-
pronged Aguilar Test
Illinois V. Gates correct answers established that totality of the circumstance replaced "separate
and independent" as the standard of probable cause in the Aguilar test.
Draper V. U.S. 1959 correct answers established that information from an informant plus
corroboration satisfied Probable Cause
New York Vs. Quarless correct answers established the public safety doctrine and affirmed
reasonable suspicion for the detention of a person matching the description of a suspect located
nearby the scene of the crime within minutes of it
Hayes V. Florida correct answers Reasonable suspicion alone does not permit the police to
transport a suspect to the police station to obtain fingerprints. Probable Cause or judicial
authorization is required
Minnesota V. Dickerson correct answers Established the "plain feel" doctrine that states that
when police officers conduct Terry-type searches for weapons, they are free to seize items
detected through their sense of touch, as long as the plain feel makes it "immediately apparent"
that the item is contraband. If an item seized through a search is not "immediately apparent,"
then it can be suppressed in court.
Dual Sovereignty correct answers the federal government and the states are separately sovereign.
So, the Federal government may prosecute offenders separately for crimes committed within
their jurisdiction.
jurisdiction correct answers the power of a court to try a case
, venue correct answers The geographic district in which a legal action is tried and from which the
jury is selected.
appellate review correct answers review of the results of a trial by a higher court
appellate court correct answers A court having jurisdiction to review cases and issues that were
originally tried in lower courts.
affirmation correct answers where the reviewing court agrees with the result of the lower court's
ruling
reversal correct answers where the court disagrees with the results of the lower court's ruling
reverse and remand decision correct answers where the reviewing court disagrees with the
verdict and sends the case back to the lower court for them to change their position
Direct Appeal correct answers an automatic appeal given to anyone sentenced to death. the
appeal is made to the highest court in the state for review
Stare decisis correct answers A Latin phrase meaning "to stand by decided cases" established that
Judges are obliged to respect the precedent established by prior decisions.
Judicial precedent correct answers established that decisions of courts have value as precedent
for future similar cases
first amendment correct answers Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of
religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the
press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a
redress of grievances.
