PALS 2025 || 100% Correct Answers.
Which pulses should be assessed to monitor systemic perfusion in a child? correct answers
peripheral and central
What should the first rescuer arriving on the scene of an unresponsive infant or child do? (in
order) correct answers 1. verify scene safety
2. check for responsiveness
3. shout for help
4. activate the emergency response system
Why may excessive ventilation during CPR be harmful? correct answers - it increases
intrathoracic pressure
- it impedes venous return
If you cannot achieve effective ventilation (ie, the chest does not rise), do the following: correct
answers - reposition/reopen the airway (sniffing position)
- verify mask size and ensure a tight face-mask seal
- suction the airway if needed
- check the O2 source
- check the ventilation bag and mask
- treat gastric inflation (NG/OG)
- consider 2-person bag-mask ventilation and inserting an OPA
Ventilation rate correct answers 1 breath every 2-3 seconds delivered over 1 second (20-30
breaths per minute)
Early signs of tissue hypoxia correct answers - tachypnea
- increased respiratory effort (nasal flaring, retractions)
, - tachycardia
- pallor, mottling, cyanosis
- agitation, anxiety, irritability
Late signs of tissue hypoxia correct answers - bradypnea, inadequate respiratory effort, apnea
- increased respiratory effort (head bobbing, seesaw respirations, grunting)
- bradycardia
- pallor, mottling, cyanosis
- decreased level of consciousness
What is the role of the diaphragm during normal breathing in infants? correct answers pulls the
ribs slightly inward
S/S mild respiratory distress correct answers - mild tachypnea
- mild increase in respiratory effort (nasal flaring, retractions)
- abnormal airway sounds (stridor, wheezing, grunting)
S/S Severe respiratory distress correct answers - marked tachypnea
- marked increase in respiratory effort
- paradoxical throacoabdominal breathing (seesaw breathing)
- accessory muscle use (head bobbing)
- abnormal airway sounds (grunting)
- decreased level of consciousness
S/S Impending respiratory arrest correct answers - bradypnea, apnea, respiratory pauses
- low oxygen saturation (hypoxemia) despite high-flow supplemental oxygen
- inadequate respiratory effort (shallow respirations)
Which pulses should be assessed to monitor systemic perfusion in a child? correct answers
peripheral and central
What should the first rescuer arriving on the scene of an unresponsive infant or child do? (in
order) correct answers 1. verify scene safety
2. check for responsiveness
3. shout for help
4. activate the emergency response system
Why may excessive ventilation during CPR be harmful? correct answers - it increases
intrathoracic pressure
- it impedes venous return
If you cannot achieve effective ventilation (ie, the chest does not rise), do the following: correct
answers - reposition/reopen the airway (sniffing position)
- verify mask size and ensure a tight face-mask seal
- suction the airway if needed
- check the O2 source
- check the ventilation bag and mask
- treat gastric inflation (NG/OG)
- consider 2-person bag-mask ventilation and inserting an OPA
Ventilation rate correct answers 1 breath every 2-3 seconds delivered over 1 second (20-30
breaths per minute)
Early signs of tissue hypoxia correct answers - tachypnea
- increased respiratory effort (nasal flaring, retractions)
, - tachycardia
- pallor, mottling, cyanosis
- agitation, anxiety, irritability
Late signs of tissue hypoxia correct answers - bradypnea, inadequate respiratory effort, apnea
- increased respiratory effort (head bobbing, seesaw respirations, grunting)
- bradycardia
- pallor, mottling, cyanosis
- decreased level of consciousness
What is the role of the diaphragm during normal breathing in infants? correct answers pulls the
ribs slightly inward
S/S mild respiratory distress correct answers - mild tachypnea
- mild increase in respiratory effort (nasal flaring, retractions)
- abnormal airway sounds (stridor, wheezing, grunting)
S/S Severe respiratory distress correct answers - marked tachypnea
- marked increase in respiratory effort
- paradoxical throacoabdominal breathing (seesaw breathing)
- accessory muscle use (head bobbing)
- abnormal airway sounds (grunting)
- decreased level of consciousness
S/S Impending respiratory arrest correct answers - bradypnea, apnea, respiratory pauses
- low oxygen saturation (hypoxemia) despite high-flow supplemental oxygen
- inadequate respiratory effort (shallow respirations)
