Psychology PSY2012 Exam 2 : Sleep Stages, Night Terrors, REM and Non-REM
Dynamics, Sleepwalking, Dream Theories, Neurotransmitter Functions
(Serotonin, Dopamine, Acetylcholine, GABA, Endorphins, Anandamide,
Norepinephrine), Classical and Operant Conditioning, Reinforcement and
Punishment Paradigms, Latent Inhibition, Stimulus Discrimination and
Generalization, Higher-Order Conditioning, Habituation and Sensitization, Signal
Detection, Perceptual Constancies, Gestalt Principles, Monocular and Binocular
Depth Cues, Hypnosis Theories (Dissociation, Sociocognitive), Brain Structure
and Function (Hindbrain, Midbrain, Forebrain, Limbic System, Cerebral Lobes,
Prefrontal Cortex, Hippocampus, Amygdala, Hypothalamus, Motor and Sensory
Cortex), Neuroplasticity, Neuroimaging Techniques (fMRI, PET, TMS, MEG, MRI,
CT, EEG), Psychopharmacology, Drug Dependence (Tolerance, Withdrawal,
Physical and Psychological Dependence), Visual and Auditory Processing, Pain
Perception Models (Gate Control and Specificity Theories), and Cognitive-
Behavioral Approaches to Human Behavior Exam Questions Verified and
Provided with Complete A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026
A child is kicking and screaming with his eyes open wide. Which stage of sleep would you most
expect him to be in?
A) REM sleep
B) Non-REM sleep
,C) Awake
B)
The child is having a night terror, which happen almost exclusively in non-REM sleep.
- Typically Night terror = Stage 4 sleep
Alex has been known to sleep walk ever since he was a young kid. One night, Alex drives to
publix, comes home and cooks a pizza all while sleeping. What stage of sleep is Alex most likely
in and do you believe that he is acting out his dream?
A) Stage 1; Yes - he is acting out his dreams
B) Stage 5/REM sleep; yes - he is acting out his dreams
C) Stage 4; No - he is not acting out his dreams
C)
Sleep walkers are NOT acting out their dreams , bc sleepwalking almost always occurs during
Non-REM sleep (especially stages 3 and 4).
Which of the following are not proposed ideas of why we dream?
A) Processing emotional memories.
B) Integrating new experiences with established memories to make sense of and create a virtual
reality model of the world.
C) Learning new strategies and ways of doing things, like swinging golf club.
D) stimulating threatening events so we can better cope with them in everyday life.
E) Reorganizing and consolidating memories
,F) All of the above.
F) All are proposed ideas in the book
There are sharp disagreements among scientists about the role of the brain stem and REM
sleep, and the role that development plays in dreaming. What are the 2 things that scientists
generally agree on?
A) serotonin turns on REM sleep
B) Acetylcholine turns on REM sleep
C) the forebrain plays an important role in dreams
D) the hindbrain plays an important role in dreams
E) B & C
F) A & C
G) B & D
E) B & C are correct
Freud distinguished between the details of the dream itself, which he called the __________,
and its true, hidden meaning, which he called the __________.
manifest content ; latent content
Ex: A dream about getting a flat tire (manifest content) might signify anxiety about the loss of
status at our job (latent content).
, In a study of mystical experiences, participants were given a hallucinogenic drug that is the
active ingredient in the "mushroom." What is the most likely neurotransmitter affected when
this drug is ingested?
A) Acetylcholine
B) Calcium-gated ion channels
C) Serotonin
D) Norepinephrine
C) Serotonin receptors are affected
LSD is an agonist for serotonin (mimics serotonin in the brain; Ex: hallucinations, schizophrenia)
- Think: If your serotonin levels are off.. your brain will be "tonin" out
Which of the following regarding hypnosis is false?
A) Studies show that hypnosis enhances the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral
psychotherapies.
B) Hypnosis is useful for treating pain, medical conditions, obesity, anxiety, and habit disorders.
C) We can be certain that hypnosis produces great benefits that are fully attributed to hypnosis
alone.
C) There is no evidence that hypnosis is an effective treatment by itself, so we should be
skeptical of "professional hypnotherapists."
Which of the following is not a common MYTH of Hypnosis as discussed in the textbook?
Dynamics, Sleepwalking, Dream Theories, Neurotransmitter Functions
(Serotonin, Dopamine, Acetylcholine, GABA, Endorphins, Anandamide,
Norepinephrine), Classical and Operant Conditioning, Reinforcement and
Punishment Paradigms, Latent Inhibition, Stimulus Discrimination and
Generalization, Higher-Order Conditioning, Habituation and Sensitization, Signal
Detection, Perceptual Constancies, Gestalt Principles, Monocular and Binocular
Depth Cues, Hypnosis Theories (Dissociation, Sociocognitive), Brain Structure
and Function (Hindbrain, Midbrain, Forebrain, Limbic System, Cerebral Lobes,
Prefrontal Cortex, Hippocampus, Amygdala, Hypothalamus, Motor and Sensory
Cortex), Neuroplasticity, Neuroimaging Techniques (fMRI, PET, TMS, MEG, MRI,
CT, EEG), Psychopharmacology, Drug Dependence (Tolerance, Withdrawal,
Physical and Psychological Dependence), Visual and Auditory Processing, Pain
Perception Models (Gate Control and Specificity Theories), and Cognitive-
Behavioral Approaches to Human Behavior Exam Questions Verified and
Provided with Complete A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026
A child is kicking and screaming with his eyes open wide. Which stage of sleep would you most
expect him to be in?
A) REM sleep
B) Non-REM sleep
,C) Awake
B)
The child is having a night terror, which happen almost exclusively in non-REM sleep.
- Typically Night terror = Stage 4 sleep
Alex has been known to sleep walk ever since he was a young kid. One night, Alex drives to
publix, comes home and cooks a pizza all while sleeping. What stage of sleep is Alex most likely
in and do you believe that he is acting out his dream?
A) Stage 1; Yes - he is acting out his dreams
B) Stage 5/REM sleep; yes - he is acting out his dreams
C) Stage 4; No - he is not acting out his dreams
C)
Sleep walkers are NOT acting out their dreams , bc sleepwalking almost always occurs during
Non-REM sleep (especially stages 3 and 4).
Which of the following are not proposed ideas of why we dream?
A) Processing emotional memories.
B) Integrating new experiences with established memories to make sense of and create a virtual
reality model of the world.
C) Learning new strategies and ways of doing things, like swinging golf club.
D) stimulating threatening events so we can better cope with them in everyday life.
E) Reorganizing and consolidating memories
,F) All of the above.
F) All are proposed ideas in the book
There are sharp disagreements among scientists about the role of the brain stem and REM
sleep, and the role that development plays in dreaming. What are the 2 things that scientists
generally agree on?
A) serotonin turns on REM sleep
B) Acetylcholine turns on REM sleep
C) the forebrain plays an important role in dreams
D) the hindbrain plays an important role in dreams
E) B & C
F) A & C
G) B & D
E) B & C are correct
Freud distinguished between the details of the dream itself, which he called the __________,
and its true, hidden meaning, which he called the __________.
manifest content ; latent content
Ex: A dream about getting a flat tire (manifest content) might signify anxiety about the loss of
status at our job (latent content).
, In a study of mystical experiences, participants were given a hallucinogenic drug that is the
active ingredient in the "mushroom." What is the most likely neurotransmitter affected when
this drug is ingested?
A) Acetylcholine
B) Calcium-gated ion channels
C) Serotonin
D) Norepinephrine
C) Serotonin receptors are affected
LSD is an agonist for serotonin (mimics serotonin in the brain; Ex: hallucinations, schizophrenia)
- Think: If your serotonin levels are off.. your brain will be "tonin" out
Which of the following regarding hypnosis is false?
A) Studies show that hypnosis enhances the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral
psychotherapies.
B) Hypnosis is useful for treating pain, medical conditions, obesity, anxiety, and habit disorders.
C) We can be certain that hypnosis produces great benefits that are fully attributed to hypnosis
alone.
C) There is no evidence that hypnosis is an effective treatment by itself, so we should be
skeptical of "professional hypnotherapists."
Which of the following is not a common MYTH of Hypnosis as discussed in the textbook?
