BIO 150 EXAM 1 - UTK MAMANTOV 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | A+ GRADED |
WITH EXPERT SOLUTIONS
Describe the nature of science - (ANSWER)Scientific ideas change over time as new info is discovered.
Differentiate between questions that can be answered through the scientific process and those that
cannot - (ANSWER)Questions can be answered when they can be observed or measured by collecting
data. Questions cannot be answered if they cannot be observed or measured.
Define a theory in the scientific sense - (ANSWER)Explanations for observed phenomena that is
supported by a wide body of evidence.
Compare and contrast scientific theories and hypotheses - (ANSWER)A hypothesis is made before any
research has been conducted, while a theory is a principle formed based on the research done and
shown in data.
Identify and explain the steps in the scientific method. - (ANSWER)First step is observation. This is
essentially where you observe a certain thing occurring.
The next step is doing research about the topic you observed in order to gain an understanding of what
is already known about the question.
Then you will form a hypothesis based on the limited evidence you have to make a starting point for
further investigation. The hypothesis should be precise and testable using data.
The next step would be to conduct an experiment to test the hypothesis in order to collect data.
Then with that data, you must analyze it and see what the results mean.
The final step would be to report conclusions based on the results and then the process would start all
over again.
Describe the purpose of a null hypothesis - (ANSWER)The purpose of the null hypothesis is to see if the
test is supported or not (null hypothesis states that there will be no difference, effect, or relationship
between the variables).
How is the scientific method different from the scientific process? - (ANSWER)There is no order for the
scientific process as scientists tend to go back and forth while in the scientific method it is a step by step
method scientists need to follow.
,BIO 150 EXAM 1 - UTK MAMANTOV 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | A+ GRADED |
WITH EXPERT SOLUTIONS
Explain why data supports or rejects hypotheses, not "proves" them - (ANSWER)Data supports or rejects
a hypothesis because you can never really prove a hypothesis correct, you can only run tests to support
the hypothesis. There can always be some scenario in which a hypothesis is incorrect.
Describe a control group - (ANSWER)It is the group that is left unchanged in an experiment. It is
important because they provide baseline measurements.
what kind of variables are of the x-axis? - (ANSWER)independent variables
what kind of variables are of the y-axis? - (ANSWER)dependent variables
What is DNA? - (ANSWER)Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) stores genetic information. DNA is a type of
nucleic acid. It is a polymer made up of monomers called nucleotides.
Describe the structure of DNA - (ANSWER)DNA is a double helix in which the backbone is made of
alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups. Attached to each sugar is one of four bases:
adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) or thymine (T). The two strands are connected by hydrogen bonds
between
these bases. The sequence of the bases along DNA's backbone encodes biological information, such as
the instructions for making a protein or RNA molecule.
What is the primary structure of DNA? - (ANSWER)The primary structure of DNA is a directional sugar-
phosphate backbone.
What is the secondary structure of DNA? - (ANSWER)The secondary structure of DNA is an antiparallel
double helix.
Explain the key results of the Hershey-Chase experiment - (ANSWER)They wanted to figure out whether
genes were made of DNA or proteins. They found out that DNA was present (no proteins). DNA contains
all the information for life's complexity.
, BIO 150 EXAM 1 - UTK MAMANTOV 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | A+ GRADED |
WITH EXPERT SOLUTIONS
What is complementary base pairing and how does it influence the structure of DNA? - (ANSWER)A+T
and C+G. It determines how the double helix is formed.
Explain how DNA is directional based on its structure. - (ANSWER)Monomers connect to create polymers
that makeup the backbone of the sugar-phosphate connection. Those connections occur when the 3
prime carbon atom connect with the phosphate group through the process of condensation ending in
the linkage of the 2 monomers and creating a phosphodiester linkage. This link makes up DNA's
backbone and creates directionality and develops structure.
Which end of a DNA strand are new nucleotides added to? - (ANSWER)3'
Why are nucleotides added to 3' end? - (ANSWER)The phosphodiester linkages can be created and can't
be attached to nucleotides to phosphate by themself.
Which direction are nucleotides added? - (ANSWER)5' to 3'
Which molecules make up a DNA molecule? - (ANSWER)A nitrogen-containing region known as a
nitrogenous base, a carbon-based sugar molecule called deoxyribose, and a phosphorus-containing
region known as a phosphate group attached to the sugar molecule.
What types of bonds help DNA maintain its structure? - (ANSWER)Covalent bonds are made to connect
the bases, sugar, and phosphate groups together. Hydrogen bonds connect the complementary bases
together (A+T and G+C).
What is semi-conservative replication? - (ANSWER)Semiconservative replication refers to how new
strands of DNA have one strand of new DNA and one strand of parental DNA.
What enzyme is responsible for adding new base pairs to the DNA molecule? - (ANSWER)DNA
Polymerase
WITH EXPERT SOLUTIONS
Describe the nature of science - (ANSWER)Scientific ideas change over time as new info is discovered.
Differentiate between questions that can be answered through the scientific process and those that
cannot - (ANSWER)Questions can be answered when they can be observed or measured by collecting
data. Questions cannot be answered if they cannot be observed or measured.
Define a theory in the scientific sense - (ANSWER)Explanations for observed phenomena that is
supported by a wide body of evidence.
Compare and contrast scientific theories and hypotheses - (ANSWER)A hypothesis is made before any
research has been conducted, while a theory is a principle formed based on the research done and
shown in data.
Identify and explain the steps in the scientific method. - (ANSWER)First step is observation. This is
essentially where you observe a certain thing occurring.
The next step is doing research about the topic you observed in order to gain an understanding of what
is already known about the question.
Then you will form a hypothesis based on the limited evidence you have to make a starting point for
further investigation. The hypothesis should be precise and testable using data.
The next step would be to conduct an experiment to test the hypothesis in order to collect data.
Then with that data, you must analyze it and see what the results mean.
The final step would be to report conclusions based on the results and then the process would start all
over again.
Describe the purpose of a null hypothesis - (ANSWER)The purpose of the null hypothesis is to see if the
test is supported or not (null hypothesis states that there will be no difference, effect, or relationship
between the variables).
How is the scientific method different from the scientific process? - (ANSWER)There is no order for the
scientific process as scientists tend to go back and forth while in the scientific method it is a step by step
method scientists need to follow.
,BIO 150 EXAM 1 - UTK MAMANTOV 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | A+ GRADED |
WITH EXPERT SOLUTIONS
Explain why data supports or rejects hypotheses, not "proves" them - (ANSWER)Data supports or rejects
a hypothesis because you can never really prove a hypothesis correct, you can only run tests to support
the hypothesis. There can always be some scenario in which a hypothesis is incorrect.
Describe a control group - (ANSWER)It is the group that is left unchanged in an experiment. It is
important because they provide baseline measurements.
what kind of variables are of the x-axis? - (ANSWER)independent variables
what kind of variables are of the y-axis? - (ANSWER)dependent variables
What is DNA? - (ANSWER)Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) stores genetic information. DNA is a type of
nucleic acid. It is a polymer made up of monomers called nucleotides.
Describe the structure of DNA - (ANSWER)DNA is a double helix in which the backbone is made of
alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups. Attached to each sugar is one of four bases:
adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) or thymine (T). The two strands are connected by hydrogen bonds
between
these bases. The sequence of the bases along DNA's backbone encodes biological information, such as
the instructions for making a protein or RNA molecule.
What is the primary structure of DNA? - (ANSWER)The primary structure of DNA is a directional sugar-
phosphate backbone.
What is the secondary structure of DNA? - (ANSWER)The secondary structure of DNA is an antiparallel
double helix.
Explain the key results of the Hershey-Chase experiment - (ANSWER)They wanted to figure out whether
genes were made of DNA or proteins. They found out that DNA was present (no proteins). DNA contains
all the information for life's complexity.
, BIO 150 EXAM 1 - UTK MAMANTOV 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | A+ GRADED |
WITH EXPERT SOLUTIONS
What is complementary base pairing and how does it influence the structure of DNA? - (ANSWER)A+T
and C+G. It determines how the double helix is formed.
Explain how DNA is directional based on its structure. - (ANSWER)Monomers connect to create polymers
that makeup the backbone of the sugar-phosphate connection. Those connections occur when the 3
prime carbon atom connect with the phosphate group through the process of condensation ending in
the linkage of the 2 monomers and creating a phosphodiester linkage. This link makes up DNA's
backbone and creates directionality and develops structure.
Which end of a DNA strand are new nucleotides added to? - (ANSWER)3'
Why are nucleotides added to 3' end? - (ANSWER)The phosphodiester linkages can be created and can't
be attached to nucleotides to phosphate by themself.
Which direction are nucleotides added? - (ANSWER)5' to 3'
Which molecules make up a DNA molecule? - (ANSWER)A nitrogen-containing region known as a
nitrogenous base, a carbon-based sugar molecule called deoxyribose, and a phosphorus-containing
region known as a phosphate group attached to the sugar molecule.
What types of bonds help DNA maintain its structure? - (ANSWER)Covalent bonds are made to connect
the bases, sugar, and phosphate groups together. Hydrogen bonds connect the complementary bases
together (A+T and G+C).
What is semi-conservative replication? - (ANSWER)Semiconservative replication refers to how new
strands of DNA have one strand of new DNA and one strand of parental DNA.
What enzyme is responsible for adding new base pairs to the DNA molecule? - (ANSWER)DNA
Polymerase
