Occupational Therapy and Neurovisual Assessment Mastery Exam: Standardized
& Non-Standardized Evaluation, Norm-Referenced vs Criterion-Referenced
Testing, Motor-Free Visual Perception (MVPT), Visual Motor Integration (VMI),
Visual Hierarchy & Perceptual Processing, Spatial Relations, Visual Closure,
Figure-Ground Discrimination, Visual Memory & Cognition, Pattern Recognition,
Form Discrimination, Stereopsis & Binocular Vision, Oculomotor Control
(Saccades, Smooth Pursuits, Convergence), Visual Attention (Focused, Sustained,
Selective, Alternating, Divided), Right-Left Discrimination, Prosopagnosia,
Agnosia, Cortical Blindness, Homonymous Hemianopsia, Hemi-Inattention &
Hemi-Neglect, Visual Field & Acuity Deficits, Low Vision, Myopia, Hyperopia,
Presbyopia, Peripheral vs Central Vision, Visual Search & Scanning, Motor
Planning & Apraxia, Cortical & Peripheral Nerve Injury Assessment,
Somatosensory Function (Proprioception, Tactile Localization, Stereognosis,
Kinesthesia), Memory Types (Short-Term, Working, Long-Term, Procedural,
Declarative, Episodic, Semantic), Executive Function, Reasoning (Sequencing,
Categorization, Deduction), Attention & Self-Awareness, Cognitive Assessment
of Minnesota (CAM), Confrontation Testing, and Rehabilitation Interventions for
Visual and Cognitive Deficits Exam Questions Verified and Provided with
Complete A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026
standardized assessment
Empirically developed evaluation tools with established statistical reliability and validity.
Requires all test takers to answer the same questions in the same way. It is scored in a
consistent way so that you may compare performance of individuals or groups of individuals.
Two types of standardized assessments: norm-referenced and criterion-referenced.
,Non standardized assessment
Informal assessment that therapists conduct to see where strengths and abilities are. Can
measure skill or progress, but do not compare to peers.
Normative-referenced assessment
Standardized tests designed to compare and rank test takers in relation to one another. Usually
reported as a percentile ranking
Criterion referenced assessment
Standardized tests that measure and individual's performance against a set of predetermined
criteria or performance standards. It is desirable to earn a perfect score.
V-P Hierarchy
Top to bottom (get bigger each layer down):
-adaptation through vision
-visuocognition
-visual memory
-pattern recognition
-scanning
-attention=alert and attending
-oculomotor control; visual fields; visual acuity
,Spatial relations
lthe ability to perceive the positions of objects in relation to oneself and to other objects. Tests
objects disoriented in relation to each other, such as figure reversals and rotations.
Visual closure
the ability to perceive a whole figure when only fragments are presented
Agnosia
inability to recognize and name an object using vision, can identify it when using tactile input
Areas of the MVPT (motor-free visual perceptual evaluation) and how they are assessed
Motor-Free Visual Perceptual is an ideal assessment because it does not require the client to
have any motor skills other than pointing to a designated answer if nonverbal. With this
assessment a raw score is obtained which is then converted to a standard score. Also includes a
confidence interval and percentile ranking as part of the standardization. Tests...
visual discrimination: look at this, now find the one exactly like it here
visual memory: tested by having the person look at one object for 5 seconds, then the therapist
turns the page and must find it among 4 objects
visual closure: Test asks, "If we finished drawing these figures and didn't move any of the lines,
which one would look just like the one on top"?
spatial relationships: Test asks, "Which one of these has been flipped over"?
figure ground: Test asks, "How many of this shape do you find here"?
Differences between skills assessed by the MVPT and the VMI (visual motor integration test)
, MVPT does not use motor skills while VMI does. VMI is designed to identify deficits in visual
perception, fine motor skills , and hand-eye coordination.
What is convergence?
Oculomotor function; ability to maintain focus as an object moves toward you
Low vision
an impairment that interferes with occupational performance, cannot be corrected medically,
but allows some usable vision.
Cognitive skills such as executive functions
organizing info and regulating response. the ability to problem solve, plan, organize, make
decisions, establish goals, monitor work, and initiate and terminate tasks
Ulnar, median, and radial nerve distribution
Visual perception
ability to cognitively translate what we see into meaning; dependent on the integration of lower
level processes
Visual perceptual impairment may occur due to
& Non-Standardized Evaluation, Norm-Referenced vs Criterion-Referenced
Testing, Motor-Free Visual Perception (MVPT), Visual Motor Integration (VMI),
Visual Hierarchy & Perceptual Processing, Spatial Relations, Visual Closure,
Figure-Ground Discrimination, Visual Memory & Cognition, Pattern Recognition,
Form Discrimination, Stereopsis & Binocular Vision, Oculomotor Control
(Saccades, Smooth Pursuits, Convergence), Visual Attention (Focused, Sustained,
Selective, Alternating, Divided), Right-Left Discrimination, Prosopagnosia,
Agnosia, Cortical Blindness, Homonymous Hemianopsia, Hemi-Inattention &
Hemi-Neglect, Visual Field & Acuity Deficits, Low Vision, Myopia, Hyperopia,
Presbyopia, Peripheral vs Central Vision, Visual Search & Scanning, Motor
Planning & Apraxia, Cortical & Peripheral Nerve Injury Assessment,
Somatosensory Function (Proprioception, Tactile Localization, Stereognosis,
Kinesthesia), Memory Types (Short-Term, Working, Long-Term, Procedural,
Declarative, Episodic, Semantic), Executive Function, Reasoning (Sequencing,
Categorization, Deduction), Attention & Self-Awareness, Cognitive Assessment
of Minnesota (CAM), Confrontation Testing, and Rehabilitation Interventions for
Visual and Cognitive Deficits Exam Questions Verified and Provided with
Complete A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026
standardized assessment
Empirically developed evaluation tools with established statistical reliability and validity.
Requires all test takers to answer the same questions in the same way. It is scored in a
consistent way so that you may compare performance of individuals or groups of individuals.
Two types of standardized assessments: norm-referenced and criterion-referenced.
,Non standardized assessment
Informal assessment that therapists conduct to see where strengths and abilities are. Can
measure skill or progress, but do not compare to peers.
Normative-referenced assessment
Standardized tests designed to compare and rank test takers in relation to one another. Usually
reported as a percentile ranking
Criterion referenced assessment
Standardized tests that measure and individual's performance against a set of predetermined
criteria or performance standards. It is desirable to earn a perfect score.
V-P Hierarchy
Top to bottom (get bigger each layer down):
-adaptation through vision
-visuocognition
-visual memory
-pattern recognition
-scanning
-attention=alert and attending
-oculomotor control; visual fields; visual acuity
,Spatial relations
lthe ability to perceive the positions of objects in relation to oneself and to other objects. Tests
objects disoriented in relation to each other, such as figure reversals and rotations.
Visual closure
the ability to perceive a whole figure when only fragments are presented
Agnosia
inability to recognize and name an object using vision, can identify it when using tactile input
Areas of the MVPT (motor-free visual perceptual evaluation) and how they are assessed
Motor-Free Visual Perceptual is an ideal assessment because it does not require the client to
have any motor skills other than pointing to a designated answer if nonverbal. With this
assessment a raw score is obtained which is then converted to a standard score. Also includes a
confidence interval and percentile ranking as part of the standardization. Tests...
visual discrimination: look at this, now find the one exactly like it here
visual memory: tested by having the person look at one object for 5 seconds, then the therapist
turns the page and must find it among 4 objects
visual closure: Test asks, "If we finished drawing these figures and didn't move any of the lines,
which one would look just like the one on top"?
spatial relationships: Test asks, "Which one of these has been flipped over"?
figure ground: Test asks, "How many of this shape do you find here"?
Differences between skills assessed by the MVPT and the VMI (visual motor integration test)
, MVPT does not use motor skills while VMI does. VMI is designed to identify deficits in visual
perception, fine motor skills , and hand-eye coordination.
What is convergence?
Oculomotor function; ability to maintain focus as an object moves toward you
Low vision
an impairment that interferes with occupational performance, cannot be corrected medically,
but allows some usable vision.
Cognitive skills such as executive functions
organizing info and regulating response. the ability to problem solve, plan, organize, make
decisions, establish goals, monitor work, and initiate and terminate tasks
Ulnar, median, and radial nerve distribution
Visual perception
ability to cognitively translate what we see into meaning; dependent on the integration of lower
level processes
Visual perceptual impairment may occur due to
