SEMMELWEIS ENTRANCE EXAM MEDICINE BIOLOGY 2026
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS BY EXPERT
What is translation?
The decoding of an mrna message into amino acids which
ultimately form protein
What are the stages of transcription?
Initiation, elongation, termination
How does DNA replication occur?
What is the nucleus
A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for
growth and reproduction
What are chromosomes?
,Chromosomes are long, thin strings composed of DNA and
proteins which carry genes.
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
Modifies, packages, and transports proteins
What is the function of the golgi apparatus?
Sorts and modifies proteins that have arrived from the rough
ER
What is the function of ribosomes?
Protein synthesis by translating mrna
What is the cytoskeleton?
A microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the
cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and
coherence.
,What is exocytosis?
A process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released
to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with
the cell membrane.
What is endocytosis?
The taking in of matter by a living cell by invagination of its
membrane to form a vacuole
What is the function of a cell membrane?
The cell membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell
and also protects and supports the cell
Cell membrane diagram
Describe the process of mitosis
, - Start with: Diploid, 2N
- Interphase: DNA replication = Dipoid, 4N
- Prophase: Condensation of chromatin,
Appearance of sister chromatids
- Metaphase: Sister chromatids align
- Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate,
Centromeres divide
- Telophase and Cytokinesis: Two identical,
Diploid, daughter cells: Diploid, 2N
Describe the process of meiosis
When a cell divides to form gametes:
1. Copies of the genetic information are made
2. The cell divides twice to form four gametes, each with a
single set of chromosomes
3. All gametes are genetically different from each other
Gametes join at fertilisation to restore the normal number of
chromosomes. The new cell divides by mitosis. The number of
cells increases. As the embryo develops, cells differentiate.
When does crossing over occur?
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS BY EXPERT
What is translation?
The decoding of an mrna message into amino acids which
ultimately form protein
What are the stages of transcription?
Initiation, elongation, termination
How does DNA replication occur?
What is the nucleus
A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for
growth and reproduction
What are chromosomes?
,Chromosomes are long, thin strings composed of DNA and
proteins which carry genes.
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
Modifies, packages, and transports proteins
What is the function of the golgi apparatus?
Sorts and modifies proteins that have arrived from the rough
ER
What is the function of ribosomes?
Protein synthesis by translating mrna
What is the cytoskeleton?
A microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the
cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and
coherence.
,What is exocytosis?
A process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released
to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with
the cell membrane.
What is endocytosis?
The taking in of matter by a living cell by invagination of its
membrane to form a vacuole
What is the function of a cell membrane?
The cell membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell
and also protects and supports the cell
Cell membrane diagram
Describe the process of mitosis
, - Start with: Diploid, 2N
- Interphase: DNA replication = Dipoid, 4N
- Prophase: Condensation of chromatin,
Appearance of sister chromatids
- Metaphase: Sister chromatids align
- Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate,
Centromeres divide
- Telophase and Cytokinesis: Two identical,
Diploid, daughter cells: Diploid, 2N
Describe the process of meiosis
When a cell divides to form gametes:
1. Copies of the genetic information are made
2. The cell divides twice to form four gametes, each with a
single set of chromosomes
3. All gametes are genetically different from each other
Gametes join at fertilisation to restore the normal number of
chromosomes. The new cell divides by mitosis. The number of
cells increases. As the embryo develops, cells differentiate.
When does crossing over occur?
