ISSA Personal Trainer Test
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2026 |
A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED –
Updated
‣ cardiac muscle . Answer: Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the
heart.
‣ smooth muscle . Answer: Involuntary muscle found inside many
internal organs of the body
‣ skeletal muscle . Answer: A voluntary muscle that is attached to the
bones of the skeleton and provides the force that moves the bones.
‣ connective tissue . Answer: A body tissue that provides support for the
body and connects all of its parts
‣ Sarcoplasm . Answer: cytoplasm of a muscle fiber
‣ Glycogen . Answer: the stored form of glucose found in the liver and
muscles
‣ Myofibrils . Answer: Parallel filaments that form muscle
‣ Myofilaments . Answer: filaments of myofibrils, constructed from
proteins, principally myosin or actin
,‣ Actin . Answer: the thin filaments of muscle myofilaments where
myosin bind to contract muscles
‣ Myosin . Answer: the thick filaments of myofilaments with a fibrous
head, neck, and tail that bind to actin
‣ sarcomere . Answer: Contractile unit of muscle
‣ z line . Answer: A dark thin protein band to which actin filaments are
attached in a striated muscle fiber, marking the boundaries between
adjacent sarcomeres.
‣ Endomysium . Answer: Connective tissue surrounding a muscle fiber
‣ Epimysium . Answer: a sheath of fibrous elastic tissue surrounding a
muscle.
‣ Fasciculi . Answer: bundles of muscle fibers
‣ Perimysium . Answer: The connective tissue that surrounds a bundle of
muscle fibers
‣ Tendon . Answer: Connects muscle to bone
‣ Periosteum . Answer: a dense layer of vascular connective tissue
enveloping the bones except at the surfaces of the joints.
‣ neuromuscular junction . Answer: the junction between a nerve fiber
and the muscle it supplies
,‣ Neurotransmitters . Answer: Chemicals that transmit information from
one neuron to another
‣ Acetylcholine . Answer: A neurotransmitter that enables learning and
memory and also triggers muscle contraction
‣ sliding filament theory . Answer: theory that actin filaments slide
toward each other during muscle contraction, while the myosin filaments
are still
‣ Type 1 fibers (slow twitch) . Answer: Slower contracting, but contract
for longer periods of time; endurance activities
‣ Type 2A fibers (fast twitch) . Answer: moderately fatigable muscle
fibers with moderate mitochondrial density; used in high intensity
exercises requiring strength and power
‣ type 2x fibers (fast twitch) . Answer: fast fatigable muscle fibers with
low mitochondrial density; high intensity exercise requiring strength and
power
‣ size principle of fiber recruitment . Answer: Principle stating that
motor units are recruited in order according to their recruitment
thresholds and firing rates.
‣ fusiform muscle . Answer: spindle shaped muscle like the biceps
‣ convergent muscle . Answer: broad at origin and tapering to a narrower
insertion like the pectoralis major(chest)
, ‣ circular muscle . Answer: muscle that forms a ring around a body
opening;sphincters
‣ parallel muscle . Answer: Muscle with fibers that are oriented parallel
to that muscle's longitudinal axis.
‣ pennate muscles . Answer: have shorter fibers
arranged obliquely to their tendons in a manner similar to a feather
arrangement increases the cross sectional area of the muscle, thereby
increasing the power
‣ penniform . Answer: Muscle fibers that run diagonally in respect to the
tendon similar to a feather.
‣ unipennate muscle . Answer: all the muscle fibers are on the same side
of the tendon
‣ bipennate muscle . Answer: muscle fibers on both sides of the tendon;
rectus femoris
‣ multipennate muscle . Answer: muscle fibers extending from both
sides of multiple central tendons; deltoid
‣ muscle actions . Answer: concentric, eccentric, isometric
‣ concentric muscle action . Answer: A muscle action that occurs when a
muscle is exerting force greater than the resistive force, resulting in a
shortening of the muscle, contraction
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2026 |
A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED –
Updated
‣ cardiac muscle . Answer: Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the
heart.
‣ smooth muscle . Answer: Involuntary muscle found inside many
internal organs of the body
‣ skeletal muscle . Answer: A voluntary muscle that is attached to the
bones of the skeleton and provides the force that moves the bones.
‣ connective tissue . Answer: A body tissue that provides support for the
body and connects all of its parts
‣ Sarcoplasm . Answer: cytoplasm of a muscle fiber
‣ Glycogen . Answer: the stored form of glucose found in the liver and
muscles
‣ Myofibrils . Answer: Parallel filaments that form muscle
‣ Myofilaments . Answer: filaments of myofibrils, constructed from
proteins, principally myosin or actin
,‣ Actin . Answer: the thin filaments of muscle myofilaments where
myosin bind to contract muscles
‣ Myosin . Answer: the thick filaments of myofilaments with a fibrous
head, neck, and tail that bind to actin
‣ sarcomere . Answer: Contractile unit of muscle
‣ z line . Answer: A dark thin protein band to which actin filaments are
attached in a striated muscle fiber, marking the boundaries between
adjacent sarcomeres.
‣ Endomysium . Answer: Connective tissue surrounding a muscle fiber
‣ Epimysium . Answer: a sheath of fibrous elastic tissue surrounding a
muscle.
‣ Fasciculi . Answer: bundles of muscle fibers
‣ Perimysium . Answer: The connective tissue that surrounds a bundle of
muscle fibers
‣ Tendon . Answer: Connects muscle to bone
‣ Periosteum . Answer: a dense layer of vascular connective tissue
enveloping the bones except at the surfaces of the joints.
‣ neuromuscular junction . Answer: the junction between a nerve fiber
and the muscle it supplies
,‣ Neurotransmitters . Answer: Chemicals that transmit information from
one neuron to another
‣ Acetylcholine . Answer: A neurotransmitter that enables learning and
memory and also triggers muscle contraction
‣ sliding filament theory . Answer: theory that actin filaments slide
toward each other during muscle contraction, while the myosin filaments
are still
‣ Type 1 fibers (slow twitch) . Answer: Slower contracting, but contract
for longer periods of time; endurance activities
‣ Type 2A fibers (fast twitch) . Answer: moderately fatigable muscle
fibers with moderate mitochondrial density; used in high intensity
exercises requiring strength and power
‣ type 2x fibers (fast twitch) . Answer: fast fatigable muscle fibers with
low mitochondrial density; high intensity exercise requiring strength and
power
‣ size principle of fiber recruitment . Answer: Principle stating that
motor units are recruited in order according to their recruitment
thresholds and firing rates.
‣ fusiform muscle . Answer: spindle shaped muscle like the biceps
‣ convergent muscle . Answer: broad at origin and tapering to a narrower
insertion like the pectoralis major(chest)
, ‣ circular muscle . Answer: muscle that forms a ring around a body
opening;sphincters
‣ parallel muscle . Answer: Muscle with fibers that are oriented parallel
to that muscle's longitudinal axis.
‣ pennate muscles . Answer: have shorter fibers
arranged obliquely to their tendons in a manner similar to a feather
arrangement increases the cross sectional area of the muscle, thereby
increasing the power
‣ penniform . Answer: Muscle fibers that run diagonally in respect to the
tendon similar to a feather.
‣ unipennate muscle . Answer: all the muscle fibers are on the same side
of the tendon
‣ bipennate muscle . Answer: muscle fibers on both sides of the tendon;
rectus femoris
‣ multipennate muscle . Answer: muscle fibers extending from both
sides of multiple central tendons; deltoid
‣ muscle actions . Answer: concentric, eccentric, isometric
‣ concentric muscle action . Answer: A muscle action that occurs when a
muscle is exerting force greater than the resistive force, resulting in a
shortening of the muscle, contraction
