Adolescent Development – Begrippenlijst 2 – Blok 3 – ISW
jaar 2 - 2026
Chapters 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 (pp. 236-243), 10, 11, 12
4 Family (p. 94-120) (20 words)
Self-fulfilling prophecy The idea that individuals’ behavior is influenced by others’
expectations for them.
Family systems theory A perspective on family functioning that emphasizes
interconnections among different family relationships (such
as marital, parent–child, sibling).
Midlife crisis A psychological crisis over identity believed to occur
between the ages of 35 and 45, the age range of most
adolescents’ parents.
Familism An orientation toward life in which the needs of one’s family
take precedence over the needs of the individual.
Generational Divergence of views between adolescents and parents that
dissonance is common in families of immigrant parents and American-
born adolescents
Parental One of the two important dimensions of parenting;
responsiveness responsiveness refers to the degree to which the parent
responds to the child’s needs in an accepting, supportive
manner.
Parental One of two important dimensions of parenting;
demandingness demandingness refers to the degree to which the parent
expects and insists on mature, responsible behavior from
the child.
Authoritative parents Parents who use warmth, firm control, and rational,
issueoriented discipline, in which emphasis is placed on the
development of self-direction.
Authoritarian parents Parents who use punitive, absolute, and forceful discipline,
and who place a premium on obedience and conformity.
Indulgent parents Parents who are characterized by responsiveness but low
demandingness and who are mainly concerned with the
child’s happiness.
Indifferent parents Parents who are characterized by low levels of both
responsiveness and demandingness.
Behavioral genetics The scientific study of genetic influences on behavior.
Molecular genetics The scientific study of the structure and function of genes.
Alleles Different versions of the same gene.
Shared environment Nongenetic influences that make individuals living in the
influences same family similar to each other.
Nonshared The nongenetic influences in individuals’ lives that make
environmental them different from people they live with.
influences
Diathesis-stress model A perspective on psychological disorder that posits that
problems are the result of an interaction between a
preexisting condition (the diathesis) and exposure to stress
in the environment.
Differential The idea that the same genetic tendencies that make an
susceptibility theory individual especially susceptible to develop problems when
exposed to adverse environmental influences also make
him or her especially likely to thrive when exposed to
positive environmental influences.
, Sibling rivalry Competition between siblings, often for parental attention.
Foster care A placement in a temporary living arrangement when a
child’s parents are not able to provide care, nurturance, or
safety.
5 Peer groups (p. 121-151) (18 words)
Peer groups Groups of individuals of approximately the same age.
Age grading The process of grouping individuals within social institutions
on the basis of age.
Baby boom The period following World War II, during which the number
of infants born was extremely large.
Postfigurative Cultures in which the socialization of young people is done
cultures primarily by adults.
Cofigurative cultures Cultures in which young people are socialized both by adults
and by each other.
Prefigurative cultures Cultures in which society is changing so quickly that adults
are frequently socialized by young people, rather than the
reverse.
Cliques Small, tightly knit groups of between 2 and 12 friends,
generally of the same sex and age.
Crowds Large, loosely organized groups of young people, composed
of several cliques and typically organized around a common
shared activity.
Reference group A group against which an individual compares him or herself.
Gangs Organized peer groups of antisocial individuals.
Iatrogenic effects Unintended adverse consequences of a treatment or
intervention.
Sociometric How well-liked an individual is.
popularity
Perceived popularity How much status or prestige an individual has.
Proactive aggression Aggressive behavior that is deliberate and planned.
Reactive aggression Aggressive behavior that is unplanned and impulsive.
Relational aggression Acts intended to harm another through the manipulation of
his or her relationships with others, as in malicious gossip.
Hostile attributional The tendency to interpret ambiguous interactions with
bias others as deliberately hostile.
Cyberbullying Bullying that occurs over the internet or via cell phones.
6 Schools (p. 152-178) (24 words)
Secondary Middle schools, junior high schools, and high schools.
education
Comprehensive An educational institution that evolved during the first half of the
high school twentieth century, offering a varied curriculum and designed to
meet the needs of a diverse population of adolescents.
Social promotion The practice of promoting students from one grade to the next
automatically, regardless of their school performance.
Critical thinking Thinking that involves analyzing, evaluating, and interpreting
information, rather than simply memorizing it.
Standards-based Policies designed to improve achievement by holding schools and
reform students to a predetermined set of standards measured by
achievement tests.
Common Core A proposed set of standards in language arts and mathematics
that all American schools would be expected to use.
jaar 2 - 2026
Chapters 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 (pp. 236-243), 10, 11, 12
4 Family (p. 94-120) (20 words)
Self-fulfilling prophecy The idea that individuals’ behavior is influenced by others’
expectations for them.
Family systems theory A perspective on family functioning that emphasizes
interconnections among different family relationships (such
as marital, parent–child, sibling).
Midlife crisis A psychological crisis over identity believed to occur
between the ages of 35 and 45, the age range of most
adolescents’ parents.
Familism An orientation toward life in which the needs of one’s family
take precedence over the needs of the individual.
Generational Divergence of views between adolescents and parents that
dissonance is common in families of immigrant parents and American-
born adolescents
Parental One of the two important dimensions of parenting;
responsiveness responsiveness refers to the degree to which the parent
responds to the child’s needs in an accepting, supportive
manner.
Parental One of two important dimensions of parenting;
demandingness demandingness refers to the degree to which the parent
expects and insists on mature, responsible behavior from
the child.
Authoritative parents Parents who use warmth, firm control, and rational,
issueoriented discipline, in which emphasis is placed on the
development of self-direction.
Authoritarian parents Parents who use punitive, absolute, and forceful discipline,
and who place a premium on obedience and conformity.
Indulgent parents Parents who are characterized by responsiveness but low
demandingness and who are mainly concerned with the
child’s happiness.
Indifferent parents Parents who are characterized by low levels of both
responsiveness and demandingness.
Behavioral genetics The scientific study of genetic influences on behavior.
Molecular genetics The scientific study of the structure and function of genes.
Alleles Different versions of the same gene.
Shared environment Nongenetic influences that make individuals living in the
influences same family similar to each other.
Nonshared The nongenetic influences in individuals’ lives that make
environmental them different from people they live with.
influences
Diathesis-stress model A perspective on psychological disorder that posits that
problems are the result of an interaction between a
preexisting condition (the diathesis) and exposure to stress
in the environment.
Differential The idea that the same genetic tendencies that make an
susceptibility theory individual especially susceptible to develop problems when
exposed to adverse environmental influences also make
him or her especially likely to thrive when exposed to
positive environmental influences.
, Sibling rivalry Competition between siblings, often for parental attention.
Foster care A placement in a temporary living arrangement when a
child’s parents are not able to provide care, nurturance, or
safety.
5 Peer groups (p. 121-151) (18 words)
Peer groups Groups of individuals of approximately the same age.
Age grading The process of grouping individuals within social institutions
on the basis of age.
Baby boom The period following World War II, during which the number
of infants born was extremely large.
Postfigurative Cultures in which the socialization of young people is done
cultures primarily by adults.
Cofigurative cultures Cultures in which young people are socialized both by adults
and by each other.
Prefigurative cultures Cultures in which society is changing so quickly that adults
are frequently socialized by young people, rather than the
reverse.
Cliques Small, tightly knit groups of between 2 and 12 friends,
generally of the same sex and age.
Crowds Large, loosely organized groups of young people, composed
of several cliques and typically organized around a common
shared activity.
Reference group A group against which an individual compares him or herself.
Gangs Organized peer groups of antisocial individuals.
Iatrogenic effects Unintended adverse consequences of a treatment or
intervention.
Sociometric How well-liked an individual is.
popularity
Perceived popularity How much status or prestige an individual has.
Proactive aggression Aggressive behavior that is deliberate and planned.
Reactive aggression Aggressive behavior that is unplanned and impulsive.
Relational aggression Acts intended to harm another through the manipulation of
his or her relationships with others, as in malicious gossip.
Hostile attributional The tendency to interpret ambiguous interactions with
bias others as deliberately hostile.
Cyberbullying Bullying that occurs over the internet or via cell phones.
6 Schools (p. 152-178) (24 words)
Secondary Middle schools, junior high schools, and high schools.
education
Comprehensive An educational institution that evolved during the first half of the
high school twentieth century, offering a varied curriculum and designed to
meet the needs of a diverse population of adolescents.
Social promotion The practice of promoting students from one grade to the next
automatically, regardless of their school performance.
Critical thinking Thinking that involves analyzing, evaluating, and interpreting
information, rather than simply memorizing it.
Standards-based Policies designed to improve achievement by holding schools and
reform students to a predetermined set of standards measured by
achievement tests.
Common Core A proposed set of standards in language arts and mathematics
that all American schools would be expected to use.
