1|Page
AWHONN ADVANCED FETAL MONITORING EXAM LATEST 2026-2027 ACTUAL
EXAM WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(100% VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+| ||PROFESSOR VERIFIED||
||BRANDNEW!!!||
List the 4 steps in using the external ultrasound device. -
ANSWER-1. Performing Leopold's maneuvers.
2. Applying the conduction gel.
3. Securing the ultrasound.
4. Reading the FHR tracing.
What are Leopold maneuvers are used to determine? - ANSWER-
Assess fetal lie, presentation, position and descent by abdominal
palpation.
This includes 4 maneuvers to assess the fetal part in the upper
uterus, location of fetal back, presenting part and descent of the
presenting part.
List advantages and limitations of the ultrasound transducer. -
ANSWER-Advantages-detects FHR baseline, variability, accels,
decels, & rhythm. Provides permanent recording of tracing. Non-
invasive, can be used prior to ROM and w/o cervical dilation.
,2|Page
Limitations-Movement may result in weak or absent tracing.
Elevated BMI, fetal position, presentation & anterior placental
location my affect signal quality. May double FHR if below 30
BPM and 1/2 FHR if > 240BPM. US indirectly measures Fetal
heart movement. External US monitoring may restrict ambulation.
Identify clinical measures for troubleshooting the ultrasound
transducer. - ANSWER-too high or low FHR pattern- *maternal
pulse interference, palpate mothers pulse compare to assure
differentiation.
*dysrhythmia can cause unusual pattern, auscultate FHR to
confirm
*May double FHR if below 30 BPM and 1/2 FHR if > 240BPM,
establish rate by auscultation
*test button to reset
*check connections
*reposition the US transducer
*reposition the mother
*monitor by other means (auscultation or fetal spiral electrode
FSE)
,3|Page
Explain how the FSE monitors FHR. - ANSWER-FSE is only
direct method for monitoring the FHR & is less affected by outside
interference.
The tip if FSE is fine surgical grade wire in shape of corkscrew
attached to the fetal presenting part. The electrode detects fetal
heart electrical activity, sending and ECG signal to the monitor &
produces PQRST waves. BPM are converted btwn R to R
intervals.
Describe the procedures for application and removal of the FSE -
ANSWER-The electrode is sterilely inserted through the dilated 2-
3 cm cervix to the presenting part. Gently turning the electrode
clockwise 1.5 turns allows the spiral tip to penetrate the top layer
of skin (scalp or buttock) avoiding fontanels, suture lines, face or
genitals enabling production of the the ECG.
Once secure remove the introducer & attach the wires to the leg
plate & secure to mothers thigh or abd near symphysis.
To remove turn counter clockwise, do not pull as it can cause
injury. Wires are non sterile so remove prior to C/S.
, 4|Page
List advantages and limitations of the FSE. - ANSWER-
Advantage- FSE is only direct means of assessing the FHR.
Limitations- *Most will not record R-R intervals (FHR) greater than
240 BPM
*Maternal pacemaker may interfere.
*Requires ROM and dilated cervix.
*May measure maternal heart rate in case of fetal demise.
*small possibility of electronic interference and artifact although
less than with external ultrasound.
Discuss contraindications for use of the FSE. - ANSWER-
Contraindications- Maternal infections like HIV, Hepatitis or GBS
+, complete placenta previa, undiagnosed vaginal bleeding, do
not place FSE on face, fontanels or genitalia.
Describe the the 4 maneuvers of Leopold's maneuvers. -
ANSWER-1. Presentation (at the inlet of the pelvis)-palpate
fundus if head is at fundus.
AWHONN ADVANCED FETAL MONITORING EXAM LATEST 2026-2027 ACTUAL
EXAM WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(100% VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+| ||PROFESSOR VERIFIED||
||BRANDNEW!!!||
List the 4 steps in using the external ultrasound device. -
ANSWER-1. Performing Leopold's maneuvers.
2. Applying the conduction gel.
3. Securing the ultrasound.
4. Reading the FHR tracing.
What are Leopold maneuvers are used to determine? - ANSWER-
Assess fetal lie, presentation, position and descent by abdominal
palpation.
This includes 4 maneuvers to assess the fetal part in the upper
uterus, location of fetal back, presenting part and descent of the
presenting part.
List advantages and limitations of the ultrasound transducer. -
ANSWER-Advantages-detects FHR baseline, variability, accels,
decels, & rhythm. Provides permanent recording of tracing. Non-
invasive, can be used prior to ROM and w/o cervical dilation.
,2|Page
Limitations-Movement may result in weak or absent tracing.
Elevated BMI, fetal position, presentation & anterior placental
location my affect signal quality. May double FHR if below 30
BPM and 1/2 FHR if > 240BPM. US indirectly measures Fetal
heart movement. External US monitoring may restrict ambulation.
Identify clinical measures for troubleshooting the ultrasound
transducer. - ANSWER-too high or low FHR pattern- *maternal
pulse interference, palpate mothers pulse compare to assure
differentiation.
*dysrhythmia can cause unusual pattern, auscultate FHR to
confirm
*May double FHR if below 30 BPM and 1/2 FHR if > 240BPM,
establish rate by auscultation
*test button to reset
*check connections
*reposition the US transducer
*reposition the mother
*monitor by other means (auscultation or fetal spiral electrode
FSE)
,3|Page
Explain how the FSE monitors FHR. - ANSWER-FSE is only
direct method for monitoring the FHR & is less affected by outside
interference.
The tip if FSE is fine surgical grade wire in shape of corkscrew
attached to the fetal presenting part. The electrode detects fetal
heart electrical activity, sending and ECG signal to the monitor &
produces PQRST waves. BPM are converted btwn R to R
intervals.
Describe the procedures for application and removal of the FSE -
ANSWER-The electrode is sterilely inserted through the dilated 2-
3 cm cervix to the presenting part. Gently turning the electrode
clockwise 1.5 turns allows the spiral tip to penetrate the top layer
of skin (scalp or buttock) avoiding fontanels, suture lines, face or
genitals enabling production of the the ECG.
Once secure remove the introducer & attach the wires to the leg
plate & secure to mothers thigh or abd near symphysis.
To remove turn counter clockwise, do not pull as it can cause
injury. Wires are non sterile so remove prior to C/S.
, 4|Page
List advantages and limitations of the FSE. - ANSWER-
Advantage- FSE is only direct means of assessing the FHR.
Limitations- *Most will not record R-R intervals (FHR) greater than
240 BPM
*Maternal pacemaker may interfere.
*Requires ROM and dilated cervix.
*May measure maternal heart rate in case of fetal demise.
*small possibility of electronic interference and artifact although
less than with external ultrasound.
Discuss contraindications for use of the FSE. - ANSWER-
Contraindications- Maternal infections like HIV, Hepatitis or GBS
+, complete placenta previa, undiagnosed vaginal bleeding, do
not place FSE on face, fontanels or genitalia.
Describe the the 4 maneuvers of Leopold's maneuvers. -
ANSWER-1. Presentation (at the inlet of the pelvis)-palpate
fundus if head is at fundus.
