FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
EXAM 3 | QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS RATED A+ | 2026/2027
GUIDE | GALEN
__________ means no urine, lack of urine production. - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Anuria
________ means diuresis, increase urine output. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Polyuria
,__________ refers to voiding that's painful or difficult. (Examples: UTI,
Urethra stricture, injury, burning or pushing) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Dysuria
_______________ is a delay & difficulty in initiating voiding. - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Hesitancy
__________________ is a sudden strong desire to void (psychological
stress & irritation of trigone & urethra) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Urgency
___________ is involuntary leakage of urine or loss of bladder control,
healthy not a disease. (In infants its normal) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Incontinence
__________ is Impaired emptying of the bladder. Can distend an overflow -
🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Retention
_______ is involuntary urination children beyond the age voluntary control
is acquired 4 - 5 years. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Enuresis
List some factor that influence urinary elimination. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1.
Developmental factors
2. Psychosocial factor
3. Fluid & Food intake
4. Medications
, 5. Muscle tone
6.Pathologic conditions ( Renal & heart failure, shock, decrease blood flow,
HTN, Urinary Stone, Hypertrophy of prostate gland
7. Surgical & diagnostic procedures (Cystoscopy, spinal block)
List some nursing preventions & education applied for prevention of UTI's -
🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1. Drink 64 oz of water per day(8-8oz cups)
2. Practice frequent voiding (every 2 to 4 hours)
3. Avoid use of harsh soaps, bubble bath, powder, or sprays in the perineal
area
4. Avoid tight-fitting clothing
5. Wear cotton rather than nylon underclothes
6. Always wipe the perineal area from front to back following urination or
defecation (girls and women)
7. Take showers rather than baths if recurrent urinary infections are a
problem
8. Void after sex to flush urethra.
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