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WGU C190 Introduction to Biology Final Exam 400 Questions Cells Genetics Ecology Q&A 2026 Western Governors University

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This document contains a comprehensive set of approximately 400 exam-style questions with verified answers for WGU C190 Introduction to Biology . It thoroughly covers foundational biology concepts including atomic structure, biomolecules, cell biology, metabolism, genetics, evolution, and ecology. Early sections (pages 1–5) focus on basic biological principles such as levels of organization and homeostasis, while later sections (pages 20–35) explore cellular processes, DNA replication, gene expression, and protein synthesis. The final sections (pages 36–43) emphasize evolution, population genetics, and ecological interactions, making it a complete review resource. The material is highly relevant for students enrolled in introductory biology courses, pre-nursing, pre-med, health sciences, and general education science programs. It is especially useful for WGU students taking C190, as well as learners preparing for final exams, competency assessments, or foundational science courses requiring a strong understanding of biological systems and processes. This study guide aligns with widely used textbooks such as Campbell Biology and Biology 2e by OpenStax, which cover key topics like cell structure and function, genetics, and ecological systems. It provides an in-depth and structured approach to learning by combining core theory with applied question-based practice, helping students build a solid foundation in biology and improve exam performance. Keywords: intro to biology, cell structure, biomolecules, metabolism pathways, DNA replication, gene expression, protein synthesis, genetics basics, evolution biology, natural selection, ecology concepts, population genetics, cellular respiration, photosynthesis, biology exam prep

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WGU C190 Intro to Biology
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Abiotic - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Non-living, may be within or made by a living

organism.


Biotic - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Living. Matter is considered ______ if it was ever

alive at some point in time


Atom - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Smallest level. The basic unit of matter. Consists of

a dense nucleus surrounded by electrons.

,Molecule - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Second level. A chemical structure consisting of

at least two atoms held together by a chemical bond.


Macromolecule - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Third level. Biologically important

molecules that are technically polymers. Example: DNA.


Cell - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Fourth level. The fundamental unit of life. Essentially

a tiny droplet of water and other molecules enclosed by a fluid "skin" or

membrane. The smallest and simplest entity that possesses all the

characteristics of life.


Organelle - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Fifth level. Compartments inside the cell that

contain specific groups of macromolecules and carry out specific cellular

functions. One of these organelles is the nucleus; it encloses the DNA

within the cell.


Microorganism - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Sixth level. Single-celled life form.

Consists of just one cell and include unicellular organisms such as bacteria

and protists.


Tissue - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Seventh level. Formed when similar cells work

together to fulfill the same detailed function.

,Organ - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Eighth level. Collections of tissues that work

together to carry out a common general function. Present not only in higher

level animals but also in plants.


Organ System - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Ninth level. Consists of functionally related

organs. Mammals have many.


Organism - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Tenth Level. Individual living entities that

survive and reproduce as a unit. For example, each tree in a forest.


Population - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Eleventh level. Consists of all the individuals of

a species living within a specific area.


Community - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Twelfth level. Populations can interact with

each other in positive and negative ways, and together they form this.


Ecosystem - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Thirteenth level. Consists of all the living

things in a particular area together with the abiotic, or nonliving, parts of

that environment.


Biosphere - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Fourteenth level. The highest level of

organization in living systems. The collection of all ecosystems on Earth.

Includes all habitable zones on the planet, including land, soil, and rocks to



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, a great depth in the Earth's crust; water and ice; and the atmosphere to a

great height.


Emergent Properties - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Characteristics of a system that are

not present in any of its component parts.


Biology - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The scientific study of life and is the branch of

science that studies living organisms and the way organisms interact with

their environments.


Homeostasis - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The ability or tendency of organisms and

cells to maintain stable internal conditions.


Nutrient - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Any matter an organism needs but cannot make

for itself.


Energy - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The capacity to do work or to make a change in

the location, temperature, or structure of matter. Does not have mass and it

does not take up space, but it can be measured in terms of what it does.


Growth - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔An increase in size.

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