PN HESI Fundamentals Exam 1 and 2 Remediation packages – 2026/2027 Academic Year – Questions with Verified Answers and Elaborated Solutions

q-en-a-latest--verified-answers-with-rationales-100-correct-solutions PN HESI Fundamentals Exam 1 and 2 Remediation packages – 2026/2027 Academic Year – Questions with Verified Answers and Elaborated Solutions Q: Which factor is most likely to contribute to the development of osteoarthritis? Answer High body mass index. Q: What should the practical nurse (PN) do if an unusual and unexpected event occurs that involves a visitor or staff member? Answer Fill out an incident report immediately. Q: The practical nurse (PN) is participating in a committee that is evaluating sentinel events across all nursing units. Which situation should the committee review as a sentinel event? Answer Hemolytic transfusion reactions involving major blood group incompatibilities. q-en-a-latest--verified-answers-with-rationales-100-correct-solutions Q: The practical nurse (PN) is evaluating a client's outcomes. Which statement indicates a client has achieved improved health? Answer Laboratory results have returned to normal levels. Q: The client had an indwelling urinary catheter removed an hour ago and now reports a sensation of fullness, discomfort, and dribbling of urine when voiding. What is the first action the practical nurse (PN) should take? Answer Perform a bladder scan 5 to 15 minutes after the client has voided. Q: Which questions would be relevant for a practical nurse (PN) to ask a client who suffers with chronic pain? Select all that apply Answer -What makes it better or worse? -Can you show me where it hurts? -How would you describe the pain? -How has this pain affected your life? Q: What interventions can the practical nurse (PN) implement to help minimize the risk of falls in a client who has been identified as having a high fall risk? Answer q-en-a-latest--verified-answers-with-rationales-100-correct-solutions -Perform hourly bedside rounds. -Use chair and bed alarms. -Educate client about fall prevention. -Place a "fall risk" sign on client's door. Q: What is the main purpose of performing range of motion (ROM) and passive range of motion (PROM) exercises? Answer Prevention of contracture development. Q: What strategies should the practical nurse (PN) implement when assisting an older client with self-care deficits? Answer -Give the client adequate time for completion of activities. -Instruct in the use of assistive devices such as a button hook and sock assist. -Modify activities of daily living to client's abilities such as sitting to brush teeth. -Plan time schedule, daily activities, and staffing according to the client's functional ability. Q: The practical nurse (PN) is teaching a pre-op client in preparation for care following surgery. Which methods should the PN teach about pulmonary toileting? Answer -To use an incentive spirometer at least four times an hour. q-en-a-latest--verified-answers-with-rationales-100-correct-solutions -To breathe deeply through the nose and exhale through the mouth. Q: The practical nurse (PN) is auscultating the lung fields of a client who has been diagnosed with emphysema. The PN notes high-pitched, whistling sounds throughout all lobes of the lung. Which term best describes this lung sound? Answer Wheezing. Q: A client's pulse oximeter is alarming and displaying 80% O2 saturation. The client is lying in bed with O2 running at 2 liters/min via nasal cannula. The client's respiratory rate is 16 breaths per minute, mucous membranes are pink,and breathing is not labored. What should the practical nurse (PN) do next? Answer Check that the placement of the pulse oximeter is correct. Q: The practical nurse (PN) has been transferred to a new nursing unit and wishes to begin building collaborative, interdisciplinary relationships. Which characteristics would contribute to effective teamwork? Answer -Effective and consistent communication. -Trust and mutual respect. -Recognition and valuation. q-en-a-latest--verified-answers-with-rationales-100-correct-solutions Q: The unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) is assisting a client getting into the shower. The charge nurse answers a call from the fracture clinic to immediately send the UAP's other assigned client to the clinic. Which action should the practical nurse (PN) take? Answer Notify the delegating nurse of the current request from the fracture clinic Q: Which information should the practical nurse (PN) include in a report of a client being admitted to the nursing unit from the emergency department (ED)? Answer -Admitting diagnosis. -Current code status. -Treatment done in ED. Q: A client is experiencing cancer-related fatigue. What should the practical nurse (PN) advise to help alleviate the symptoms? Answer -Try to eat a well-balanced diet. -Participate in routine physical exercise. -Develop routine sleeping habits. q-en-a-latest--verified-answers-with-rationales-100-correct-solutions Q: A mother asks for advice on how to talk to her children about death and dying after she learned that her husband has approximately six months to live. How should the practical nurse respond to the mother? Answer -Ask the mother about her beliefs about death and dying. -Assess how the mother feels about the situation. -Inquire about her children's previous experiences with death and dying. Q: A survivor of a horrific motor vehicle accident whose loved one was killed has not been able to go back to work and spends most of the day drinking alcohol and watching television for the past ten months. Which type of complicated grieving is being exhibited? Answer Exaggerated grief. Q: The practical nurse (PN) is preparing to conduct a general mobility assessment with a client. When should the nurse begin the mobility assessment? Answer While the client is lying in bed. Q: Which questions are best for the practical nurse (PN) to ask to assess for "disuse syndrome" in clients diagnosed with neuromuscular diseases such as muscular dystrophy or multiple sclerosis? Answer q-en-a-latest--verified-answers-with-rationales-100-correct-solutions -What is included in a typical day for you? -How much assistance do you need to move around? -On a scale 1-10, how would you rate overall pain level? Q: Which dosing routes are acceptable for the practical nurse (PN) to administer fentanyl to a client diagnosed with cancer who is suffering with chronic pain? Answer -PCA pump. -Transdermal patch. -Transmucosal swab. -Slow intravenous push. Q: The practical nurse (PN) is assessing the femoral insertion site of a client who recently had a cardiac catheterization. The client reports discomfort at the site. According to the standing orders, which action should the PN implement? Answer Administer acetaminophen/ codeine phosphate. Q: The practical nurse (PN) is providing client teaching about the use of a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump. Which statement by the client indicates the need for more instruction about the PCA pump? Answer If I am asleep, one of my visitors can push the button for me. q-en-a-latest--verified-answers-with-rationales-100-correct-solutions Q: The practical nurse (PN) is providing nutrition counseling to a diverse group of clients. Which religions direct followers to avoid food items made with pork? Answer -Islam. -Judaism. -Hinduism. Q: What should the practical nurse (PN) suspect when an older Asian client diagnosed with left lower lobe pneumonia has a pattern of uniform circular bruises on the left lower posterior thorax area? Answer Use of complementary therapies. Q: A practical nurse (PN) travels to different parts of the country and changes nursing assignments every 4 months. What should the PN do to ensure that culturally competent nursing care is delivered? Answer -Gather health disparities information about the region. -Review the occurrence and prevalence of illnesses for that region. -Become familiar with the different cultural practices of the region. q-en-a-latest--verified-answers-with-rationales-100-correct-solutions Q: The practical nurse (PN) is administering beta-blocker eye drops for a client's glaucoma. What is the most important step to prevent the client from experiencing syncope or a fall injury? Answer Apply pressure to the nasolacrimal duct after administration. Q: When doing an assessment of sensory nerve function, which test should the practical nurse (PN) omit if the pain sensation is normal? Answer Temperature. Q: While assessing an adult client, the practical nurse (PN) identifies generalized edema in the client's arms, legs, and periorbital regions. Which dietary influence could have contributed to this generalized edema? Answer A diet low in protein. Q: The practical nurse (PN) is calculating a client's fluid balance for the past 24 hours. The client had a total of 895 mL of IV fluid; 150 mL antibiotic IV; 16 ounces of water; two 4 ounce containers of gelatin; and one cup of creamy potato soup. The client voided 480 mL, 300 mL and 500 mL; vomited 300 mL and 175 mL. How many mL of positive fluid balance should be entered in the client's electronic medical record? (Enter numeric value only.) Answer 250 mL q-en-a-latest--verified-answers-with-rationales-100-correct-solutions Q: Which electrolyte has a direct effect on a client's blood pressure? Answer Sodium. Q: A client with fluid overload is being treated with fluid restriction of 1 liter/day and diuretics. Which actions by the practical nurse (PN) would best evaluate the outcomes of this treatment? Answer -Obtaining a daily weight. -Calculating the intake and output. -Checking for orthostatic hypotension Q: The practical nurse (PN) is reviewing laboratory results in the client's electronic medical record. Which lab value may indicate a state of malnutrition? Answer Low level of albumin. Q: The practical nurse (PN) is caring for a client whose BMI is 35 kg/m 2 . Which conditions is the client at greatest risk of developing? Answer -Hypertension. q-en-a-latest--verified-answers-with-rationales-100-correct-solutions -Hyperlipidemia. -Atherosclerosis. Q: Which foods should the practical nurse (PN) instruct a client diagnosed with end-stage renal disease to avoid? Answer -Bananas. -Dark-colored colas. -Red meats. Q: What can happen if cold therapy is left in place for more than 30 minutes for the treatment of inflammation? Answer -Vasodilation -Worsening of the inflammation Q: The Practical Nurse (PN) is discussing smoking cessation with a male client. Base on the Health Belief Model (HBM) what are effective strategies for the PN to use to encourage the client to stop smoking? Answer -Ask the client how likely it would be for him to develop lung cancer. -Encourage the client to list how a smoke cessation program would benefit him. -Assess whether the client considers lung cancer a serious health condition. q-en-a-latest--verified-answers-with-rationales-100-correct-solutions Q: Which rights of medication administration are ensure with "bar coding technology" which requires the practical nurse (PN) to scan the medication, client's identification bracelet and nurse's identification badge prior to administration medication? Answer -Right dose -Right time -Right client Q: The practical nurse (PN) is irrigating a client's wound. Which factor could delay wound healing as a result of wound irrigation? Answer -The use of povidone-iodine solution -Hydrogen peroxide poured into the wound -Direct force of irrigation solution on wound -Irrigation solution cooler than room temperature Q: A client has a swollen, bruised, sprained ankle and states that the current pain level has risen from a 3 to a 5 on a 10 point scale. Which analgesic medication would most likely be prescribed to relieve this pain? Answer Ibuprofen. q-en-a-latest--verified-answers-with-rationales-100-correct-solutions Q: Which practical nursing (PN) tasks would be appropriate for the PN to assign to the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)? Answer -Assisting clients with morning ADLs to include showering and shaving. -Transporting a client with a fractured wrist to the cast clinic for cast placement. Q: Which characteristics should be included in goals the practical nurse (PN) reinforces with a client? Answer -Realistic. -Measurable. -Patient-centered. -Time frame. Q: Four clients are requesting pain medication and it is within their prescribed dosing time. All clients achieved pain relief after their last dose. Now the clients have reported their pain on a 1 to 10 pain scale. Which should be the first client the practical nurse (PN) administers pain medication? Answer After the last dose, pain was 1 out of 10; now pain is 6 out of 10. Q: The practical nurse (PN) is irrigating a client's wound. Which factors could delay wound healing as a result of wound irrigation? q-en-a-latest--verified-answers-with-rationales-100-correct-solutions Answer -The use of povidone-iodine solution. -Hydrogen peroxide poured into wound. -Direct force of irrigation solution on wound bed. -Irrigation solutions cooler than room temperature. Q: The practical nurse (PN) is reviewing the change of shift report. Which client should the nurse assess first? Answer A 76-year-old client transferred from the emergency department who requires femur pinning due to a recent fall. Q: Which factors are most likely to decrease a client's perception of pain? Answer -Internal sense of control. -The biological response to exercise. -Positive previous experience managing pain. Q: A client describes a poorly localized pain as a squeezing and pressure sensation. If the pain is caused by inflammation, what type of pain is it? Answer Visceral. q-en-a-latest--verified-answers-with-rationales-100-correct-solutions Q: The practical nurse (PN) is working with a client who has increased intracranial pressure. What is the best position for this client? Answer High Fowler's. Q: Which practical nursing (PN) actions are required when performing a transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) procedure with a client? Answer -Instruct the client to adjust the intensity of TENS stimulation for pain relief. -Ensure and review there is a healthcare provider's prescription for the TENS. -Remove any hair or lotions from the skin where the electrodes are to be placed. Q: The practical nurse (PN) is teaching an adult client how to change the dressing covering a surgical wound. Which adult learning approach will best support the client in learning a new skill? Answer Assess the client's life experiences. Q: The practical nurse (PN) is discussing smoking cessation with a male client. Based on the Health Belief Model (HBM), what are effective strategies for the PN to use to encourage the client to stop smoking? Answer q-en-a-latest--verified-answers-with-rationales-100-correct-solutions -Ask the client how likely it would be for him to develop lung cancer. -Encourage the client to list how a smoking cessation program would benefit him. -Assess whether the client considers lung cancer a serious health condition. Q: Which client behavior indicates to the practical nurse (PN) the client who is most likely proficient in health literacy? Answer Client questions the healthcare provider about their prescribed plan of care. Q: The mother of a four year old client reports that the child has been drowsy, is not eating well, and has a cough. The practical nurse (PN) notes that the child's vital signs are within normal limits. Which laboratory test would best indicate a developing systemic infection? Answer CBC with differential. Q: The practical nurse (PN) wears gloves and a gown when bathing a client, changing the client's bed linens, and placing the dirty bed linens in a biohazard labeled laundry bag that is kept inside the client's room. Which type of isolation precaution is the PN implementing? Answer Contact precautions. q-en-a-latest--verified-answers-with-rationales-100-correct-solutions Q: The practical nurse (PN) is teaching a group of daycare workers about healthy food choices for children. The PN stresses that adequate intake of fruit, vegetables, and protein is important in preventing which conditions? Answer -Retarded growth. -Behavioral problems. -Developmental delays. Q: What is the wound closure called that occurs when the healing is prolonged because the skin or wound edges cannot be approximated? Answer Secondary intention. Q: Which practical nursing (PN) task provides the best opportunity to complete a skin assessment? Answer Bathing of a client. Q: Which signs or symptoms from a practical nursing (PN) assessment suggest a client is experiencing a form of stress? Answer -Diarrhea. q-en-a-latest--verified-answers-with-rationales-100-correct-solutions -Headaches. -Palpitations. Q: A client diagnosed with an incurable terminal disease states "If I adjust my work schedule, eat better and exercise more, I will be able to reverse the disease process and become disease free". The practical nurse (PN) recognizes that this client is exhibiting which stage of grief as described by Kubler-Ross? Answer Denial. Q: What can the practical nurse (PN) do to help facilitate the client's adherence to a plan of care? Answer -Include the client in the planning process. -Set realistic goals that are acceptable to the client. -Offer teaching that supports the desired plan outcome. Q: The practical nurse (PN) is advising a client to change high risk health behaviors. Which factors should the PN consider when challenging a client's core beliefs? Answer -Personal choices are supported by core beliefs. -Conflicting information may cause great distress. -Individuals seldom question their core beliefs. q-en-a-latest--verified-answers-with-rationales-100-correct-solutions Q: The practical nurse (PN) is instructing a client about administering medication upon returning home from the hospital. Which recommendations support the client's adherence to the prescribed plan of care? Answer -Try using a pill organizer or automated phone reminder system. -Keep an updated medication list to bring to healthcare appointments. -Schedule medication administration times at the same time as other daily activities. Q: What are the legal implications of federally initiated healthcare acts on practical nursing (PN) practice? Answer -Ignorance of the health acts is not permissible. -Encourages nurses to keep up with current standards. -Guides and defines legal boundaries of nursing practice. Q: Which medical conditions are most likely to affect sexual functioning in men or women? Answer -Depression. -Colon cancer. -Uncontrolled hypertension. q-en-a-latest--verified-answers-with-rationales-100-correct-solutions Q: Along with appropriate hand hygiene and respiratory etiquette, what practical nursing (PN) actions should be done next to prevent spread of a communicable disease from an infected client? Answer Assist with rapidly identifying the disease and immediately isolating. Q: The practical nurse (PN) calculates a client's body mass index (BMI). The client's height is 6 feet and 6 inches (198cm) and the BMI is 30. How should the nurse categorize this BMI? Answer Obesity. Q: The practical nurse (PN) is planning to teach a client about a prescribed medication. Which factor is most important in assuring the client will safely self administer the medication? Answer Health literacy. Q: The practical nurse (PN) is assisting a client who is discouraged about losing weight. What skill can the nurse teach this client to encourage confidence, empowerment and motivation? Answer Positive self-talk. q-en-a-latest--verified-answers-with-rationales-100-correct-solutions Q: What are the three primary elements of the Health Belief Model (HBM) that predict how motivated clients are to change their self-care health behaviors? Answer -The severity of the client's illness. -The perception of susceptibility to the illness. -The client's willingness to change lifestyle choices. Q: As the practical nurse (PN) inflates the balloon of a client's indwelling urinary catheter, the client reports pain and discomfort. What should the PN do next? Answer Stop and deflate the balloon of the catheter. Q: Which practical nursing (PN) intervention is considered the best way to prevent constipation with a post-op client? Answer Encourage the client to drink ml of fluid daily. q-en-a-latest--verified-answers-with-rationales-100-correct-solutions Q: The practical nurse (PN) is assessing a client who has reported 7 episodes of diarrhea in the past 24 hours. What questions would determine a possible causative factor of the diarrhea? Answer -Have you been experiencing any stress or anxiety lately? -Does the diarrhea have a strong, unpleasant odor to it? -What type of food have you eaten within the last 36 hours? -What medications and supplements are you currently taking? Q: The client had an indwelling urinary catheter removed an hour ago and now reports a sensation of fullness, discomfort, and dribbling of urine when voiding. What is the first action the practical nurse (PN) should take? Answer Perform a bladder scan 5 to 15 minutes after the client has voided. Q: The practical nurse (PN) is teaching a female client who has had frequent urinary tract infections. Which statement by the client indicates the need for additional teaching? Answer "I need to wipe my perineum from the back to front after using the toilet."