ACE Personal Trainer Exam || Most Recent Exam Actual
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Static Stretching
Most common stretching technique
-Extending the targeted muscle group to its max point and holding it for 30 sec
or more. 2 Forms:
-Active- Added force is applied by the individual
-Passive- Added force is applied by an external force
Dynamic Stretching
-Continuous movement patterns that mimic the exercise or sport to be performed.
-Purpose is to improve flexibility for a given sport or activity
Ballistic Stretching
-Used for athletic drills
-Repeated bouncing movement to stretch targeted muscle group.
-Triggers stretch reflex and may increase risk for injury
-Safe if done from low to high-velocity and followed by static stretching
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Active Isolated Stretching (AIS)
-Held only 2 seconds at a time.
-Several sets with specific # of reps and gradually increase resistance by a few
degrees each rep
Myofascial Release
-Uses a foam roller (or something similar)
-Relieves tension and improves flexibility in the FASCIA (system of connective
tissues that covers the whole body) and underlying muscle. -Small continuous
back-and-forth movements
-Over an area of 2-6 in. for 30-60 sec
-Amount of pressure is determined by client's pain tolerance
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF)
-Use of AUTOGENIC and RECIPROCAL inhibition
-3 forms:
-Hold-Relax
-Contract-Relax
-Hold-Relax with agonist contraction
Hold-Relax PNF
1) Passive 10-sec pre-stretch
2) Hold and resist applied force, causing isometric contraction in the
target muscle group, for 6 secs
3) Relax muscle group and passively stretch; hold for 30 sec to increase ROM
4) Greater stretch in final phase due to AUTOGENIC inhibition
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Rotation
INTERNAL (inward) or EXTERNAL (outward) turning about the vertical axis of the
bone
Pronation
Rotation the hand and wrist MEDIALLY from the bone
Supination
Rotating the hand and wrist LATERALLY from bone
Horizontal Flexion (ADDuction)
-From 90-degree abducted arm position, humerus is flexed (adducted) toward
the midline in transverse plane
Horizontal Extension (ABduction)
Return of humerus from horizontal flexion
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Body Mass Index (BMI)
-Assesses client's body composition.
-Compares body weight to height
-Determines # that indicates underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese.
- ... = Weight(kg)/Height(m)^2
Converting Lbs into Kg =
(Lbs/2.2)
Converting Inches to Meters = (Inches x 2.54) / 100
Underweight
BMI <18.5
Normal Weight
BMI of 18.5-24.9
Overweight
BMI of 25.0-29.9
Grade 1 Obesity
BMI of 30.0-34.9
Grade 2 Obesity
BMI of 35.0-39.9
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