BIOS 242- EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE REVIEW
1. DNA is replicated in the : nucleus
2. RNA is replicated in the : cytoplasm
3. what is the first step in viral replication?: penetration/adhesion (attaches to membrane
using spikes)
4. what is the second step in viral replication?: uncoating
5. what is the third step in viral replication?: replication
6. what is the fourth step in viral replication?: assembly
7. what is the fifth step in viral replication?: maturation
8. what is the sixth step in viral replication?: release (release the protein that has the
viral components so it infects more cells)
9. what are the four types of archaea?: methanogens, hyperthemophile, psychrophile, halophiles
10. what are characteristics of a methanogen?: CO2 with methane
11. where are methanogens found?: swamps, landfill
12. what are characteristics of a hyperthermophile?: loves high temperature
13. where are hyperthermophiles found?: volcano
14. what are characteristics of a psychrophile?: survives in cold temperatures
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, 15. where are psychrophiles found?: ice caps
16. what are characteristics of a halophile?: survives in salt environments
17. where are halophiles found?: salt lake
18. This type of archaea live in swamps and marshes and produce
methane, what is it?: methanogen
19. This type of archaea requires hot, acidic environments: hyperthemophile
20. during a gram stain, the presence
of gives a purple stain: peptidolgycan
21. why is gram negative bacteria pink?: outer membrane is weakened
22. what do gram negative bacteria have: porin proteins, lipopolysaccharide-phospholipid
outer membrane surrounding a thin peptidoglycan layer.
23. what do gram positive bacteria have: lipoteichoic acid with thick peptidoglycan cell wall
24. what are the four different types of structures microorganisms can use
for movement, adherence, or mating?: fimbriae, pilus, flagella, and cilia
25. what is fimbriae used for?: adhesion
26. what is pilus used for?: mating/conjugation
27. what is flagella used for?: movement
28. what is cilia used for?: movement
29. what are the benefits about fungi?: used for antibiotics, food products such as yeast and
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1. DNA is replicated in the : nucleus
2. RNA is replicated in the : cytoplasm
3. what is the first step in viral replication?: penetration/adhesion (attaches to membrane
using spikes)
4. what is the second step in viral replication?: uncoating
5. what is the third step in viral replication?: replication
6. what is the fourth step in viral replication?: assembly
7. what is the fifth step in viral replication?: maturation
8. what is the sixth step in viral replication?: release (release the protein that has the
viral components so it infects more cells)
9. what are the four types of archaea?: methanogens, hyperthemophile, psychrophile, halophiles
10. what are characteristics of a methanogen?: CO2 with methane
11. where are methanogens found?: swamps, landfill
12. what are characteristics of a hyperthermophile?: loves high temperature
13. where are hyperthermophiles found?: volcano
14. what are characteristics of a psychrophile?: survives in cold temperatures
1
, 15. where are psychrophiles found?: ice caps
16. what are characteristics of a halophile?: survives in salt environments
17. where are halophiles found?: salt lake
18. This type of archaea live in swamps and marshes and produce
methane, what is it?: methanogen
19. This type of archaea requires hot, acidic environments: hyperthemophile
20. during a gram stain, the presence
of gives a purple stain: peptidolgycan
21. why is gram negative bacteria pink?: outer membrane is weakened
22. what do gram negative bacteria have: porin proteins, lipopolysaccharide-phospholipid
outer membrane surrounding a thin peptidoglycan layer.
23. what do gram positive bacteria have: lipoteichoic acid with thick peptidoglycan cell wall
24. what are the four different types of structures microorganisms can use
for movement, adherence, or mating?: fimbriae, pilus, flagella, and cilia
25. what is fimbriae used for?: adhesion
26. what is pilus used for?: mating/conjugation
27. what is flagella used for?: movement
28. what is cilia used for?: movement
29. what are the benefits about fungi?: used for antibiotics, food products such as yeast and
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