Pathophysiology exam 2 questions well verified answers
A nurse is reviewing lab reports. The nurse recalls blood plasma is located in which of the
following fluid compartments? - answer Intravascular fluid
A 35-year-old male weighs 70 kg. Approximately how much of this weight is ICF? -
answer 42 L- the total volume of body water for a 70 kg person is about 42 L (60%)
While planning care for elderly individuals, the nurse remembers the elderly are at a higher risk
for developing dehydration because they have a(n): - answer decreased muscle mass
Which of the following patients should the nurse assess for a decreased oncotic pressure in the
capillaries? A patient with: - answer liver failure
Water movement between the ICF and ECF compartments is determined by: -
answer osmotic forces
An experiment was designed to test the effects of the Starling forces on fluid movement. Which
of the following alterations would result in fluid moving into the interstitial space? -
answer Increased interstitial oncotic pressure
When planning care for a dehydrated patient, the nurse remembers the principle of water
balance is closely related to _____ balance. - answer Sodium
A 70-year-old male with chronic renal failure presents with edema. Which of the following is the
most likely cause of this condition? - answer Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
,A 10-year-old male is brought to the emergency room (ER) because he is incoherent and
semiconscious. CT scan reveals that he is suffering from cerebral edema. This type of edema is
referred to as: - answer localized edema
A nurse is teaching the staff about antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Which information should the
nurse include? Secretion of ADH is stimulated by: - answer increased plasma osmolality
Which statement by the staff indicates teaching was successful concerning aldosterone?
Secretion of aldosterone results in: - answer increased blood volume
A 25-year-old male is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting tumor of the adrenal cortex. Which
finding would the nurse expect to see in the lab results? - answer Decreased blood K+
levels
A patient has been searching on the Internet about natriuretic hormones. When the patient
asks the nurse what do these hormones do, how should the nurse respond? Natriuretic
hormones affect the balance of: - answer Sodium
A 5-year-old male presents to the ER with delirium and sunken eyes. After diagnosing him with
severe dehydration, the primary care provider orders fluid replacement. The nurse administers
a hypertonic intravenous solution. Which of the following would be expected? -
answer Intracellular dehydration
Which of the following patients is the most at risk for developing hypernatremia? A patient
with: - answer dehydration
The most common cause of pure water deficit is: - answer A. renal water loss
,Hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia are associated with: - answer Hypertonic
hyponatremia
A 52-year-old diabetic male presents to the ER with lethargy, confusion, and depressed reflexes.
His wife indicates that he does not follow the prescribed diet and takes his medication
sporadically. Lab results indicate hyperglycemia. Which assessment finding is most likely to
occur? - answer decreased sodium
When taking care of a patient with hyperkalemia, which principle is priority? Hyperkalemia
causes a(n) _____ in resting membrane potential with _____ excitability of cardiac muscle. -
answer increase, increased
Which of the following patients is most prone to hypochloremia? A patient with: -
answer Increased bicarbonate intake
Which of the following conditions would cause the nurse to monitor for hyperkalemia? -
answer Acute acidosis
Which organ system should the nurse monitor when the patient has long-term potassium
deficits? - answer kidneys
A 42-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting muscle weakness and
cardiac abnormalities. Laboratory tests indicate that she is hypokalemic. Which of the following
could be the cause of her condition? - answer Primary hyperaldosteronism
A 19-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting restlessness, muscle
cramping, and diarrhea. Lab tests reveal that he is hyperkalemic. Which of the following could
have caused his condition? - answer acidosis
, A 60-year-old female is diagnosed with hyperkalemia. Which assessment finding should the
nurse expect to observe? - answer oliguria
Which of the following buffer pairs is considered the major plasma buffering system? -
answer carbonic acid and bicarbonate
A nurse recalls regulation of acid-base balance through removal or retention of volatile acids is
accomplished by the: - answer lungs
Physiologic pH is maintained around 7.4 because carbonic acid and bicarbonate exist in a ratio
of: - answer 20:1
Which patient is most prone to metabolic alkalosis? A patient with: - answer Excessive
loss of chloride (Cl)
Which patient should the nurse assess for both hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis? A patient
diagnosed with: - answer renal failure
For a patient experiencing metabolic acidosis, the body will compensate by: -
answer hyperventilating
Which finding would support the diagnosis of respiratory acidosis? - answer pneumonia
A 54-year-old male with a long history of smoking complains of excessive tiredness, shortness of
breath, and overall ill feelings. Lab results reveal decreased pH, increased CO2, and normal
bicarbonate ion. These findings help to confirm the diagnosis of: - answer respiratory
acidosis
A nurse is reviewing lab reports. The nurse recalls blood plasma is located in which of the
following fluid compartments? - answer Intravascular fluid
A 35-year-old male weighs 70 kg. Approximately how much of this weight is ICF? -
answer 42 L- the total volume of body water for a 70 kg person is about 42 L (60%)
While planning care for elderly individuals, the nurse remembers the elderly are at a higher risk
for developing dehydration because they have a(n): - answer decreased muscle mass
Which of the following patients should the nurse assess for a decreased oncotic pressure in the
capillaries? A patient with: - answer liver failure
Water movement between the ICF and ECF compartments is determined by: -
answer osmotic forces
An experiment was designed to test the effects of the Starling forces on fluid movement. Which
of the following alterations would result in fluid moving into the interstitial space? -
answer Increased interstitial oncotic pressure
When planning care for a dehydrated patient, the nurse remembers the principle of water
balance is closely related to _____ balance. - answer Sodium
A 70-year-old male with chronic renal failure presents with edema. Which of the following is the
most likely cause of this condition? - answer Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
,A 10-year-old male is brought to the emergency room (ER) because he is incoherent and
semiconscious. CT scan reveals that he is suffering from cerebral edema. This type of edema is
referred to as: - answer localized edema
A nurse is teaching the staff about antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Which information should the
nurse include? Secretion of ADH is stimulated by: - answer increased plasma osmolality
Which statement by the staff indicates teaching was successful concerning aldosterone?
Secretion of aldosterone results in: - answer increased blood volume
A 25-year-old male is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting tumor of the adrenal cortex. Which
finding would the nurse expect to see in the lab results? - answer Decreased blood K+
levels
A patient has been searching on the Internet about natriuretic hormones. When the patient
asks the nurse what do these hormones do, how should the nurse respond? Natriuretic
hormones affect the balance of: - answer Sodium
A 5-year-old male presents to the ER with delirium and sunken eyes. After diagnosing him with
severe dehydration, the primary care provider orders fluid replacement. The nurse administers
a hypertonic intravenous solution. Which of the following would be expected? -
answer Intracellular dehydration
Which of the following patients is the most at risk for developing hypernatremia? A patient
with: - answer dehydration
The most common cause of pure water deficit is: - answer A. renal water loss
,Hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia are associated with: - answer Hypertonic
hyponatremia
A 52-year-old diabetic male presents to the ER with lethargy, confusion, and depressed reflexes.
His wife indicates that he does not follow the prescribed diet and takes his medication
sporadically. Lab results indicate hyperglycemia. Which assessment finding is most likely to
occur? - answer decreased sodium
When taking care of a patient with hyperkalemia, which principle is priority? Hyperkalemia
causes a(n) _____ in resting membrane potential with _____ excitability of cardiac muscle. -
answer increase, increased
Which of the following patients is most prone to hypochloremia? A patient with: -
answer Increased bicarbonate intake
Which of the following conditions would cause the nurse to monitor for hyperkalemia? -
answer Acute acidosis
Which organ system should the nurse monitor when the patient has long-term potassium
deficits? - answer kidneys
A 42-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting muscle weakness and
cardiac abnormalities. Laboratory tests indicate that she is hypokalemic. Which of the following
could be the cause of her condition? - answer Primary hyperaldosteronism
A 19-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting restlessness, muscle
cramping, and diarrhea. Lab tests reveal that he is hyperkalemic. Which of the following could
have caused his condition? - answer acidosis
, A 60-year-old female is diagnosed with hyperkalemia. Which assessment finding should the
nurse expect to observe? - answer oliguria
Which of the following buffer pairs is considered the major plasma buffering system? -
answer carbonic acid and bicarbonate
A nurse recalls regulation of acid-base balance through removal or retention of volatile acids is
accomplished by the: - answer lungs
Physiologic pH is maintained around 7.4 because carbonic acid and bicarbonate exist in a ratio
of: - answer 20:1
Which patient is most prone to metabolic alkalosis? A patient with: - answer Excessive
loss of chloride (Cl)
Which patient should the nurse assess for both hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis? A patient
diagnosed with: - answer renal failure
For a patient experiencing metabolic acidosis, the body will compensate by: -
answer hyperventilating
Which finding would support the diagnosis of respiratory acidosis? - answer pneumonia
A 54-year-old male with a long history of smoking complains of excessive tiredness, shortness of
breath, and overall ill feelings. Lab results reveal decreased pH, increased CO2, and normal
bicarbonate ion. These findings help to confirm the diagnosis of: - answer respiratory
acidosis
