MSN 570 Patho Final Test Bank |
Updated Questions & Answers Review
with A+ Solutions
• How is MI diagnosed -✓✓EKG (STEMI) or elevated Troponin (non-
STEMI)
• What might you find in blood consistent with MI? -✓✓elevated CK
MB, Troponin
• Where does CK MB and Troponin come from? -✓✓Release of
lysosomal enzymes; CK MB detected after myocardial necrosis,
Troponin released from damaged heart muscle
• 3 mechanism of cell injury related to reperfussion injury -✓✓ischemia,
necrosis, reperfussion l/t RAS
• define reperfussion injury -✓✓injury that occurs after oxygen is
reintroduced to tissue perfusion
• how does inflammatory process contribute to reperfussion injury? -
✓✓as oxygen is reintroduced it comes in contact with damaged proteins
triggering inflammatory response
• how does oxidative process contribute to RI? -✓✓RAS causes
impairment of cell membrane and pro-apotptoic cells release. making
cell unstable
,• what is primary Hypertension? -✓✓Essential or idiopathic, elevated
BP without an identified cause, accounts for 90 - 95% of all cases of
hypertension?
• what is secondary hypertension? -✓✓Elevated BP, labile BP; related to
conditions ie kidney dz; resistant to BP meds
• what is significance of Ventricular hypertrophy and HTN? -
✓✓persistent hypertension leads to ventricular hypertrophy; decrease
CO
• what comorbidities/conditions does HTN cause? -✓✓stroke, ischemia,
heart failure, aneurysm, hemorrhage
• what is preload? -✓✓volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole
• what is afterload? -✓✓peripheral resistance against which the left
ventricle must pump
• hoe does HTN l/t CHF? -✓✓overwork left ventricle due to increase
pressure; decreased pumping ability of heart and decreases CO.
• identify pathological process of gangrene? -✓✓form of coagulative
necrosis; interruption of blood flow l/t denaturing cells enzymes and
bacterial invasion
• three types of gangrene -✓✓dry, wet & gas
, • what is the major treatment approach for gangrene? -✓✓removing
affective tissue to prevent infection; treating problem that led to
gangrene
• why use antibiotic for gangrene? -✓✓to slow bacterial damage
• What are the two major necrotic processes? -✓✓Coagulative and
liquifactive
• What is coagulative necrosis? -✓✓necrosis caused y interruption of
blood flow l/t desrease Ph, and bacterial growth
• what is liquifactive necrosis? -✓✓Caustic enzymes dissolve and liquify
necrotic cell; cottage cheese like appearance.
• Describe dry gangrene -✓✓hypoxia l/t ischemia l/t last of blood flow
l/t coagulative necrosis
• Describe wet gangrene -✓✓extensive damage from bacteria with
WBC's that have invaided site produces a liquid wound
• describe gas gangrene -✓✓Presence of clostridium (aerobic bacteria)
releases toxins and destroy surrounding cell. Most fatal.
• Colon cancer inherited vs genetic -✓✓Colon CA inherited- occurs on
gremline
Colon CA genetic occurs on somatic cells
Updated Questions & Answers Review
with A+ Solutions
• How is MI diagnosed -✓✓EKG (STEMI) or elevated Troponin (non-
STEMI)
• What might you find in blood consistent with MI? -✓✓elevated CK
MB, Troponin
• Where does CK MB and Troponin come from? -✓✓Release of
lysosomal enzymes; CK MB detected after myocardial necrosis,
Troponin released from damaged heart muscle
• 3 mechanism of cell injury related to reperfussion injury -✓✓ischemia,
necrosis, reperfussion l/t RAS
• define reperfussion injury -✓✓injury that occurs after oxygen is
reintroduced to tissue perfusion
• how does inflammatory process contribute to reperfussion injury? -
✓✓as oxygen is reintroduced it comes in contact with damaged proteins
triggering inflammatory response
• how does oxidative process contribute to RI? -✓✓RAS causes
impairment of cell membrane and pro-apotptoic cells release. making
cell unstable
,• what is primary Hypertension? -✓✓Essential or idiopathic, elevated
BP without an identified cause, accounts for 90 - 95% of all cases of
hypertension?
• what is secondary hypertension? -✓✓Elevated BP, labile BP; related to
conditions ie kidney dz; resistant to BP meds
• what is significance of Ventricular hypertrophy and HTN? -
✓✓persistent hypertension leads to ventricular hypertrophy; decrease
CO
• what comorbidities/conditions does HTN cause? -✓✓stroke, ischemia,
heart failure, aneurysm, hemorrhage
• what is preload? -✓✓volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole
• what is afterload? -✓✓peripheral resistance against which the left
ventricle must pump
• hoe does HTN l/t CHF? -✓✓overwork left ventricle due to increase
pressure; decreased pumping ability of heart and decreases CO.
• identify pathological process of gangrene? -✓✓form of coagulative
necrosis; interruption of blood flow l/t denaturing cells enzymes and
bacterial invasion
• three types of gangrene -✓✓dry, wet & gas
, • what is the major treatment approach for gangrene? -✓✓removing
affective tissue to prevent infection; treating problem that led to
gangrene
• why use antibiotic for gangrene? -✓✓to slow bacterial damage
• What are the two major necrotic processes? -✓✓Coagulative and
liquifactive
• What is coagulative necrosis? -✓✓necrosis caused y interruption of
blood flow l/t desrease Ph, and bacterial growth
• what is liquifactive necrosis? -✓✓Caustic enzymes dissolve and liquify
necrotic cell; cottage cheese like appearance.
• Describe dry gangrene -✓✓hypoxia l/t ischemia l/t last of blood flow
l/t coagulative necrosis
• Describe wet gangrene -✓✓extensive damage from bacteria with
WBC's that have invaided site produces a liquid wound
• describe gas gangrene -✓✓Presence of clostridium (aerobic bacteria)
releases toxins and destroy surrounding cell. Most fatal.
• Colon cancer inherited vs genetic -✓✓Colon CA inherited- occurs on
gremline
Colon CA genetic occurs on somatic cells
