MSN 570 Patho Final Test Bank |
Verified Questions & Answers
Study Pack A+ Guaranteed
• Glomerular Injury: Diffuse and Focal . Answer: Lesions that involve
all or most (> 50%) of the glomeruli (plural) are termed diffuse, and
lesions that involve some (< 50%) of the glomeruli are termed focal
(e.g., focal segmental glomerulonephritis).
• Glomerular injury: Global and Segmental . Answer: When a whole
glomerulus (singular) is affected, the lesion is termed global, and the
lesion is considered segmental if only a portion (< 50%) of the
glomerulus is affected.
• Glomerulonephritis . Answer: An inflammatory disorder of the
glomeruli, and most forms occur as a result of activation of immune
mechanisms.
• Nephritic syndrome . Answer: Associated with glomerulonephritis and
an immune response that is inflammatory. A key feature is the passage
of leukocytes, red blood cells, and plasma proteins which occur as a
result of inflammation.
1.) LIMITED proteinuria 2.) Oliguria and Azotemia 3.) Salt retention --
periorbital edema and hypertension(salt/fluid retention) 4.) RBC casts
and dysmorphic RBCs in urine-- Immune Complex deposition activated
Complement; C5a attracts neutrophils which mediate the damage
,• Proliferative structural (histologic) descriptor . Answer: refers to an
increase in glomerular cells (e.g., mesangial, endothelial, basement
membrane). In the extra capillary space, this forms specific lesions that
are termed crescents, which are made of macrophages, fibroblasts, and
other cells. These crescent cells accumulate in the Bowman space and
represent a rupture of the capsule.
• sclerosing structural (histologic) descriptor . Answer: refers to
glomerular scar formation, and when the scarring is between the
glomerulus and tubules, it is referred to as interstitial fibrosis.
• necrotizing structural (histologic) descriptor . Answer: refers to cellular
death.
• Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Also called benign prostatic hypertrophy . Answer: A common,
nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland that occurs as men age,
usually appearing by age 50.
• Bladder cancer . Answer: cancerous tumor that arises from the cells
lining the bladder; major sign is hematuria
• Diagnostic procedures for hydronephrosis . Answer: History
physical examination
urinalysis
renal ultrasound
CT
intravenous pyelogram
MRI.
, • Hydronephrosis . Answer: An abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis and
the calyces of one or both kidneys that occurs secondary to a disease.
• Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) . Answer: inherited disease in which
sacs of fluid called cysts develop in the kidneys
• Renal cell carcinoma . Answer: cancerous tumor that arises from
kidney tubule cells; most frequently occurring kidney cancer in adults
(most common in those 50-70 years of age).
• Renal cell carcinoma signs and symptoms . Answer: Hematuria
An abdominal renal mass that is firm
Abdominal flank pain described as dull and achy
Unexplained weight loss
Other symptoms may include scrotal varicoceles. If the inferior vena
cava is affected, then manifestations can include edema, ascites, and
hepatic problems.
• Signs and symptoms of bladder cancer . Answer: Painless hematuria
that is gross (i.e., visible) or microscopic. The hematuria is intermittent
and occurs throughout all of micturition as opposed to just the
beginning.
Irritative symptoms such as frequency, urgency, and dysuria may be
present and occur due to detrusor overactivity, obstruction, or decrease
in bladder capacity.
Verified Questions & Answers
Study Pack A+ Guaranteed
• Glomerular Injury: Diffuse and Focal . Answer: Lesions that involve
all or most (> 50%) of the glomeruli (plural) are termed diffuse, and
lesions that involve some (< 50%) of the glomeruli are termed focal
(e.g., focal segmental glomerulonephritis).
• Glomerular injury: Global and Segmental . Answer: When a whole
glomerulus (singular) is affected, the lesion is termed global, and the
lesion is considered segmental if only a portion (< 50%) of the
glomerulus is affected.
• Glomerulonephritis . Answer: An inflammatory disorder of the
glomeruli, and most forms occur as a result of activation of immune
mechanisms.
• Nephritic syndrome . Answer: Associated with glomerulonephritis and
an immune response that is inflammatory. A key feature is the passage
of leukocytes, red blood cells, and plasma proteins which occur as a
result of inflammation.
1.) LIMITED proteinuria 2.) Oliguria and Azotemia 3.) Salt retention --
periorbital edema and hypertension(salt/fluid retention) 4.) RBC casts
and dysmorphic RBCs in urine-- Immune Complex deposition activated
Complement; C5a attracts neutrophils which mediate the damage
,• Proliferative structural (histologic) descriptor . Answer: refers to an
increase in glomerular cells (e.g., mesangial, endothelial, basement
membrane). In the extra capillary space, this forms specific lesions that
are termed crescents, which are made of macrophages, fibroblasts, and
other cells. These crescent cells accumulate in the Bowman space and
represent a rupture of the capsule.
• sclerosing structural (histologic) descriptor . Answer: refers to
glomerular scar formation, and when the scarring is between the
glomerulus and tubules, it is referred to as interstitial fibrosis.
• necrotizing structural (histologic) descriptor . Answer: refers to cellular
death.
• Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Also called benign prostatic hypertrophy . Answer: A common,
nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland that occurs as men age,
usually appearing by age 50.
• Bladder cancer . Answer: cancerous tumor that arises from the cells
lining the bladder; major sign is hematuria
• Diagnostic procedures for hydronephrosis . Answer: History
physical examination
urinalysis
renal ultrasound
CT
intravenous pyelogram
MRI.
, • Hydronephrosis . Answer: An abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis and
the calyces of one or both kidneys that occurs secondary to a disease.
• Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) . Answer: inherited disease in which
sacs of fluid called cysts develop in the kidneys
• Renal cell carcinoma . Answer: cancerous tumor that arises from
kidney tubule cells; most frequently occurring kidney cancer in adults
(most common in those 50-70 years of age).
• Renal cell carcinoma signs and symptoms . Answer: Hematuria
An abdominal renal mass that is firm
Abdominal flank pain described as dull and achy
Unexplained weight loss
Other symptoms may include scrotal varicoceles. If the inferior vena
cava is affected, then manifestations can include edema, ascites, and
hepatic problems.
• Signs and symptoms of bladder cancer . Answer: Painless hematuria
that is gross (i.e., visible) or microscopic. The hematuria is intermittent
and occurs throughout all of micturition as opposed to just the
beginning.
Irritative symptoms such as frequency, urgency, and dysuria may be
present and occur due to detrusor overactivity, obstruction, or decrease
in bladder capacity.
