HEP 3600 COMPREHENSIVE PRACTICE
GUIDE 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
>> Central vein --> sublobular vein --> hepatic vein --> Inferior vena cava
Answer: How does the blood return to the heart from the liver?
>> Portal vein and hepatic artery
Answer: What are the two main forms of blood supply the liver has:
>> Hepatic artery: carries blood from celiac trunk (makes up 25% of blood flow, poor in nutrients, rich
in O2)
Answer: What is the difference between the portal vein and hepatic artery for the liver?
>> Lobule
Answer: What is the classic structural unit of the liver
>> Bile
Answer: What is the exocrine secretory product of the liver?
>> Released from gall bladder --> cystic duct --> duodenum
Answer: Where does bile enter the GI system to aid in the digestion of fat?
>> Bile duct, portal vein, hepatic artery
Answer: What 3 things comprise the portal triad of the liver?
>> Hexagonal shape, anatomical = Single central vein surrounded by 6 portal triads surrounding this
vein = blood flows from portal triads to central vein (periphery to center), and bile flows from central
vein out to portal triads (center to periphery)
Answer: How would you define a classic liver lobule?
>> Diamond shape, functional = includes 2 portal triads and 2 central veins = blood flows from portal
triad to central vein (center to periphery), and bile flows from central vein to portal triads (periphery to
center)
Answer: How would you define a liver acinus structural liver model?
>> 3
Answer: How many zones are there in the acinus model of the liver
>> 1 (periportal)
, Answer: Which zone of the acinus model lies between the portal triads and receive everything from
blood first including O2, nutrients, and protein synthesis
>> 2
Answer: Which zone of the acinus model produces albumin and has glycolysis and pigment formation
>> 3 (centrilobular)
Answer: Which zone of the acinus model is closest to the central vein and are the last to receive
incoming blood, most susceptible to hypoxic damage and toxins
>> STORES ONLY
Answer: The gallbladder makes or stores bile
>> 2. coagulopathy
Answer: Why is GI bleeding common with liver disease?
>> 3. abdominal effusion/ascites
Answer: What are some differentials for why the abdomen would be enlarged (general) in small
animals?
>> Transudate or modified transudate (low to moderate protein and cell count)
Answer: What type of ascites will be seen with liver disease?
>> 4. lymphatic obstruction
Answer: What are the 4 MAIN high level reasons that fluids fill third spaces (aka ascites/edema)
>> Portal hypertension (pre, intra, or post-hepatic reasons), RAAS system activation,
hypoalbuminemia
Answer: Why do you see ascites with liver disease (3 LARGE REASONS)?
>> Prehepatic, intrahepatic, post-hepatic
Answer: How many types are there of portal hypertension that cause ascites?
>> PRE
Answer: Portosystemic shunts and portal vein obstruction are examples of pre or post hepatic portal
hypertension that causes ascites
>> Post-hepatic (passive hepatic congestion)
Answer: Obstruction of intrathoracic caudal vena cava, congestive heart failure, pulmonary
hypertension, and pericardial disease are examples of pre or post hepatic portal hypertension that
causes ascites
>> xx
GUIDE 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
>> Central vein --> sublobular vein --> hepatic vein --> Inferior vena cava
Answer: How does the blood return to the heart from the liver?
>> Portal vein and hepatic artery
Answer: What are the two main forms of blood supply the liver has:
>> Hepatic artery: carries blood from celiac trunk (makes up 25% of blood flow, poor in nutrients, rich
in O2)
Answer: What is the difference between the portal vein and hepatic artery for the liver?
>> Lobule
Answer: What is the classic structural unit of the liver
>> Bile
Answer: What is the exocrine secretory product of the liver?
>> Released from gall bladder --> cystic duct --> duodenum
Answer: Where does bile enter the GI system to aid in the digestion of fat?
>> Bile duct, portal vein, hepatic artery
Answer: What 3 things comprise the portal triad of the liver?
>> Hexagonal shape, anatomical = Single central vein surrounded by 6 portal triads surrounding this
vein = blood flows from portal triads to central vein (periphery to center), and bile flows from central
vein out to portal triads (center to periphery)
Answer: How would you define a classic liver lobule?
>> Diamond shape, functional = includes 2 portal triads and 2 central veins = blood flows from portal
triad to central vein (center to periphery), and bile flows from central vein to portal triads (periphery to
center)
Answer: How would you define a liver acinus structural liver model?
>> 3
Answer: How many zones are there in the acinus model of the liver
>> 1 (periportal)
, Answer: Which zone of the acinus model lies between the portal triads and receive everything from
blood first including O2, nutrients, and protein synthesis
>> 2
Answer: Which zone of the acinus model produces albumin and has glycolysis and pigment formation
>> 3 (centrilobular)
Answer: Which zone of the acinus model is closest to the central vein and are the last to receive
incoming blood, most susceptible to hypoxic damage and toxins
>> STORES ONLY
Answer: The gallbladder makes or stores bile
>> 2. coagulopathy
Answer: Why is GI bleeding common with liver disease?
>> 3. abdominal effusion/ascites
Answer: What are some differentials for why the abdomen would be enlarged (general) in small
animals?
>> Transudate or modified transudate (low to moderate protein and cell count)
Answer: What type of ascites will be seen with liver disease?
>> 4. lymphatic obstruction
Answer: What are the 4 MAIN high level reasons that fluids fill third spaces (aka ascites/edema)
>> Portal hypertension (pre, intra, or post-hepatic reasons), RAAS system activation,
hypoalbuminemia
Answer: Why do you see ascites with liver disease (3 LARGE REASONS)?
>> Prehepatic, intrahepatic, post-hepatic
Answer: How many types are there of portal hypertension that cause ascites?
>> PRE
Answer: Portosystemic shunts and portal vein obstruction are examples of pre or post hepatic portal
hypertension that causes ascites
>> Post-hepatic (passive hepatic congestion)
Answer: Obstruction of intrathoracic caudal vena cava, congestive heart failure, pulmonary
hypertension, and pericardial disease are examples of pre or post hepatic portal hypertension that
causes ascites
>> xx
