HEP 3600 FINAL REVIEW SCRIPT 2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
>> Cats
Answer: Which animal has a higher prevalence of hepatobiliary disease, cats or dogs?
>> Dogs
Answer: Which animal more commonly gets chronic parenchymal disease, cats or dogs?
>> Cats
Answer: Clinically serious hepatic lipidosis is more common in cats or dogs?
>> Gluconoryl transferase --> reduced ability to metabolize drugs/toxins
Answer: Cats have a relative deficiency in which hepatic enzyme? Why does this matter?
>> Dogs
Answer: Which animals are more likely to scavenge, exposing them to more potential hepatotoxins,
cats or dogs?
>> Cats
Answer: Which animal does NOT produce steroid induced isoenzyme of SAP (ALP), cats or dogs?
>> note: this is why you act immediately when you see ALP on cat panels, but don't necessarily worry
everytime you see it in dogs
Answer: Which animal has the LONGER halflife of ALP, cats or dogs?
>> Protein
Answer: Cats are adapted to a high starch or protein diet
>> Taurine and arginine
Answer: Cats have a high dietary requirement for what amino acids?
>> AKA ICTERUS = prehepatic (hemolysis), intrahepatic, post-hepatic (bile duct, gall bladder,
duodenum)
Answer: What are your top 3 differentials for hyperbilirubinemia?
>> If ALP is high and GGT is normal = typically hepatic lipidosis.
Answer: A 12 year old female spayed DSH comes in with gross icterus, BCS 4.5/5, depressed,
salivating. CBC shows occasional heinz bodies. Chem. shows ALP 8x higher than normal, mild
azotemia, ALT normal and so is GGT. Bilirubin is present in the urine + hyperbilirubinemia. The liver is
large and hyperechoic on ultrasound. What do you think is going?
, >> 4. Cholangitis/Cholangiohepatitis
Answer: What are your 4 BIGGEST differentials for an icteric cat (intrahepatic differentials)?
>> GGT = normal
Answer: What will ALP and GGT look like in cats with hepatic lipidosos?
>> IV fluids, Vitamin K, Dolasetron for nausea
Answer: How do you treat cats with hepatic lipidosis?
>> note: because you get vitamin K from bacteria in the intestines and portal circulation, if there is
cholestasis you have completely blocked enterohepatic circulation = relative deficiency of vitamin K =
vitamin K needed for making clotting factors
Answer: If animals have cholestatic liver disease, they are more likely to have what other issue?
>> Hepatic lipidosis
Answer: Hepatocytes filled with vacuoles consistent with lipid accumulation are typical of WHAT
diagnosis?
>> Primary (idiopathic) and secondary (acquired)
Answer: What are the two forms of hepatic lipidosis?
>> Secondary
Answer: What is the most common form of hepatic lipidosis in cats?
>> Anorexia = why did the cat stop eating? = typically other hepatopathies, pancreatitis, diabetes
Answer: What underlying primary problems typically cause secondary hepatic lipidosis in cats?
>> Hepatic lipidosis
Answer: The following factors are the pathogenesis for WHAT disease?
>> 3. taurine (OBLIGATE AA)
Answer: What are the MOST IMPORTANT dietary proteins and nutrients for cats to help them
metabolize fat?
>> May get eventual hepatopathy leading to depression, ptyalism, behavior changes, cervical
ventroflexion.
Answer: What typical presentation are you expecting in a cat with hepatic lipidosis?
>> GGT and ALP
Answer: What are the two cholestatic enzymes?
>> Hepatic lipidosis
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
>> Cats
Answer: Which animal has a higher prevalence of hepatobiliary disease, cats or dogs?
>> Dogs
Answer: Which animal more commonly gets chronic parenchymal disease, cats or dogs?
>> Cats
Answer: Clinically serious hepatic lipidosis is more common in cats or dogs?
>> Gluconoryl transferase --> reduced ability to metabolize drugs/toxins
Answer: Cats have a relative deficiency in which hepatic enzyme? Why does this matter?
>> Dogs
Answer: Which animals are more likely to scavenge, exposing them to more potential hepatotoxins,
cats or dogs?
>> Cats
Answer: Which animal does NOT produce steroid induced isoenzyme of SAP (ALP), cats or dogs?
>> note: this is why you act immediately when you see ALP on cat panels, but don't necessarily worry
everytime you see it in dogs
Answer: Which animal has the LONGER halflife of ALP, cats or dogs?
>> Protein
Answer: Cats are adapted to a high starch or protein diet
>> Taurine and arginine
Answer: Cats have a high dietary requirement for what amino acids?
>> AKA ICTERUS = prehepatic (hemolysis), intrahepatic, post-hepatic (bile duct, gall bladder,
duodenum)
Answer: What are your top 3 differentials for hyperbilirubinemia?
>> If ALP is high and GGT is normal = typically hepatic lipidosis.
Answer: A 12 year old female spayed DSH comes in with gross icterus, BCS 4.5/5, depressed,
salivating. CBC shows occasional heinz bodies. Chem. shows ALP 8x higher than normal, mild
azotemia, ALT normal and so is GGT. Bilirubin is present in the urine + hyperbilirubinemia. The liver is
large and hyperechoic on ultrasound. What do you think is going?
, >> 4. Cholangitis/Cholangiohepatitis
Answer: What are your 4 BIGGEST differentials for an icteric cat (intrahepatic differentials)?
>> GGT = normal
Answer: What will ALP and GGT look like in cats with hepatic lipidosos?
>> IV fluids, Vitamin K, Dolasetron for nausea
Answer: How do you treat cats with hepatic lipidosis?
>> note: because you get vitamin K from bacteria in the intestines and portal circulation, if there is
cholestasis you have completely blocked enterohepatic circulation = relative deficiency of vitamin K =
vitamin K needed for making clotting factors
Answer: If animals have cholestatic liver disease, they are more likely to have what other issue?
>> Hepatic lipidosis
Answer: Hepatocytes filled with vacuoles consistent with lipid accumulation are typical of WHAT
diagnosis?
>> Primary (idiopathic) and secondary (acquired)
Answer: What are the two forms of hepatic lipidosis?
>> Secondary
Answer: What is the most common form of hepatic lipidosis in cats?
>> Anorexia = why did the cat stop eating? = typically other hepatopathies, pancreatitis, diabetes
Answer: What underlying primary problems typically cause secondary hepatic lipidosis in cats?
>> Hepatic lipidosis
Answer: The following factors are the pathogenesis for WHAT disease?
>> 3. taurine (OBLIGATE AA)
Answer: What are the MOST IMPORTANT dietary proteins and nutrients for cats to help them
metabolize fat?
>> May get eventual hepatopathy leading to depression, ptyalism, behavior changes, cervical
ventroflexion.
Answer: What typical presentation are you expecting in a cat with hepatic lipidosis?
>> GGT and ALP
Answer: What are the two cholestatic enzymes?
>> Hepatic lipidosis
