WGU Introduction to Sociology - C273 | STUDY GUIDE
Suggested we apply scientific method to social world, which is known as Positivism
Auguste Conte
Viewed society as a living organism, similar to an animals body - must
function together to function smoothly. (functional analysis)
, *Called 2nd founder of sociology
*disagreed with Conte, believed sociologists should not guide social reform
*societies are evolving from lower to higher form
*society's most capable and intelligent members service - the less capable die out
Herbert Spencer *fittest members produce a more advanced society "The survival of the fittest" or
"Social Darwinism" (credited to Darwin because he applied it to organisms.
Viewed society as a living organism, similar to an animals body - must
function together to function smoothly. (functional analysis)
*believed the engine of human history is class conflict
*society is made up of 2 classes
*economics is a central force in social change
*Bourgeoisie - capitalist own the means of production, money, land, factories and
Karl Marx machines
*Proletariat - workers;
*workers will unite and bread their chains of bondage
*introduced Conflict Theory
*did not think of himself as a sociologist
Capitalists
Bourgeoisie
they own the means of production - money, land, factories, and machines.
Proletariat Workers
*succeeded in getting sociology recognized as a separate academic discipline
*how social forces affect peoples behavior
*Social Integration
Emile Durkheim
when all parts of society full their part it is in a "normal" state, if they do not fulfill
their function it is in an "abnormal" or pathological state. (functional analysis)
Degree to which people are tied to their social groups.
Social Integration
People with weaker social ties are more likely to commit suicide
Applying Durkheim Patterns of behavior or recurring patterns or events
*used cross culture and historical materials to trace the cause of social change and
how social groups affect peoples orientation to life
*disagreed with Karl Marx
Max Weber
*Roman Catholics taught to hold on to tradition, protestant taught to embrace
change
*Protestant ethic
*looked for sign they were in Gods good grace
*financial success-live frugal lives, saving ant investing money "the spirit of
Protestant Ethic
capitalism"
This brought about capitalism
*did writings because women were to focus on church, cooking, children and clothes
*early female sociologist
Harriet Martineau
*viewed sociology as a path to reform and improve society (stop lynchings,
integrate immigrants, improve working conditions)
W.E.B. DuBois black sociologist
Sociologist and social reformer
Jane Adams *came from wealth and privilege
*founded Hull House with Ellen Gates Starr
C. Wright Mills pushed sociologist to go back to push social reform
Suggested we apply scientific method to social world, which is known as Positivism
Auguste Conte
Viewed society as a living organism, similar to an animals body - must
function together to function smoothly. (functional analysis)
, *Called 2nd founder of sociology
*disagreed with Conte, believed sociologists should not guide social reform
*societies are evolving from lower to higher form
*society's most capable and intelligent members service - the less capable die out
Herbert Spencer *fittest members produce a more advanced society "The survival of the fittest" or
"Social Darwinism" (credited to Darwin because he applied it to organisms.
Viewed society as a living organism, similar to an animals body - must
function together to function smoothly. (functional analysis)
*believed the engine of human history is class conflict
*society is made up of 2 classes
*economics is a central force in social change
*Bourgeoisie - capitalist own the means of production, money, land, factories and
Karl Marx machines
*Proletariat - workers;
*workers will unite and bread their chains of bondage
*introduced Conflict Theory
*did not think of himself as a sociologist
Capitalists
Bourgeoisie
they own the means of production - money, land, factories, and machines.
Proletariat Workers
*succeeded in getting sociology recognized as a separate academic discipline
*how social forces affect peoples behavior
*Social Integration
Emile Durkheim
when all parts of society full their part it is in a "normal" state, if they do not fulfill
their function it is in an "abnormal" or pathological state. (functional analysis)
Degree to which people are tied to their social groups.
Social Integration
People with weaker social ties are more likely to commit suicide
Applying Durkheim Patterns of behavior or recurring patterns or events
*used cross culture and historical materials to trace the cause of social change and
how social groups affect peoples orientation to life
*disagreed with Karl Marx
Max Weber
*Roman Catholics taught to hold on to tradition, protestant taught to embrace
change
*Protestant ethic
*looked for sign they were in Gods good grace
*financial success-live frugal lives, saving ant investing money "the spirit of
Protestant Ethic
capitalism"
This brought about capitalism
*did writings because women were to focus on church, cooking, children and clothes
*early female sociologist
Harriet Martineau
*viewed sociology as a path to reform and improve society (stop lynchings,
integrate immigrants, improve working conditions)
W.E.B. DuBois black sociologist
Sociologist and social reformer
Jane Adams *came from wealth and privilege
*founded Hull House with Ellen Gates Starr
C. Wright Mills pushed sociologist to go back to push social reform
