Science Medicine Paediatrics
NUR 208 Peds Test 1 Review
1. Clear airways
List 3 things that are required for effective
2. Normal lungs and chest wall
gas exchange.
3. Adequate pulmonary circulation
1. Ineffective airway clearance
List 3 nursing diagnoses related to
2. Ineffective breathing pattern
oxygenation.
3.Impaired gas exchange
1. Color, chest assessment
List components of a 2. Respiratory rate
respiratory assessment. 3.Respiratory effort
4.Anxiety/restlessness
1. Retractions
2. Nasal flaring
3.Head bobbing
4. Noisy breathing
List observations that indicate respiratory 5.Stridor
distress. 6. Grunting
7. Cough
8. Wheezing
9. Auscultated wheezes, rales, rhonchi, or transmitted upper airway sounds
10. Complaints of chest pain (usually more respiratory related in kids)
Respiratory distress indicates difficulty breathing, but gas exchange and SpO2 are
What is the difference between still near normal. CO2 retention can lead to hypoxemia and acidosis.
respiratory insufficiency (distress) and
respiratory failure? Respiratory failure is the inability to maintain adequate gas exchange, resulting in
hypoxia and decreased SpO2.
What is respiratory arrest? Cessation of breathing
, 1. Tachypnea
List 4 cardinal signs of respiratory failure in 2. Tachycardia
order in which they occur. 3.Restlessness
4. Diaphoresis (due to exertion)
Children, especially neonates, will likely be made NPO to avoid aspiration. Neonates
Describe an intervention for tachypnea
cannot suck and swallow if they cannot breathe. If not NPO, Pedialyte is often a
specific to pediatrics.
better option than milk.
1. Mood changes
2. Headache
3. Altered depth and pattern of respirations
4. Hypertension
5.Exertional dyspnea
List other early, less obvious signs 6. Anorexia
of respiratory distress. 7. Increased cardiac and renal output
8. CNS symptoms (decreased LOC, anxiety, confusion, restlessness, irritability)
9. Flaring nares
10. Chest wall retractions
11. Expiratory grunt
12. Wheezing/prolonged expiration
1. Hypotension or hypertension
2. Dimness of vision
3.Somnolence
4. Stupor
List signs of more severe hypoxia.
5.Coma
6. Depressed respiration
7. Bradycardia
8. Cyanosis, peripheral or central
1. Assess, assess, assess!
2.Keep comfortable
List nursing interventions for children 3.Sitting or upright position (making a sort of nest for infants will help keep them
experiencing respiratory distress or failure. from sliding)
4. Monitor cardiac status
5.Decrease oxygen demands (manage fever, pain!)
Define acute epiglottitis. A serious, life-threatening obstructive inflammatory process of the epiglottis
At what age does epiglottitis occur? Primarily in children 2-5 years of age, but it can occur at any age
Name the organism that causes acute H. influenzae
epiglottitis.
NUR 208 Peds Test 1 Review
1. Clear airways
List 3 things that are required for effective
2. Normal lungs and chest wall
gas exchange.
3. Adequate pulmonary circulation
1. Ineffective airway clearance
List 3 nursing diagnoses related to
2. Ineffective breathing pattern
oxygenation.
3.Impaired gas exchange
1. Color, chest assessment
List components of a 2. Respiratory rate
respiratory assessment. 3.Respiratory effort
4.Anxiety/restlessness
1. Retractions
2. Nasal flaring
3.Head bobbing
4. Noisy breathing
List observations that indicate respiratory 5.Stridor
distress. 6. Grunting
7. Cough
8. Wheezing
9. Auscultated wheezes, rales, rhonchi, or transmitted upper airway sounds
10. Complaints of chest pain (usually more respiratory related in kids)
Respiratory distress indicates difficulty breathing, but gas exchange and SpO2 are
What is the difference between still near normal. CO2 retention can lead to hypoxemia and acidosis.
respiratory insufficiency (distress) and
respiratory failure? Respiratory failure is the inability to maintain adequate gas exchange, resulting in
hypoxia and decreased SpO2.
What is respiratory arrest? Cessation of breathing
, 1. Tachypnea
List 4 cardinal signs of respiratory failure in 2. Tachycardia
order in which they occur. 3.Restlessness
4. Diaphoresis (due to exertion)
Children, especially neonates, will likely be made NPO to avoid aspiration. Neonates
Describe an intervention for tachypnea
cannot suck and swallow if they cannot breathe. If not NPO, Pedialyte is often a
specific to pediatrics.
better option than milk.
1. Mood changes
2. Headache
3. Altered depth and pattern of respirations
4. Hypertension
5.Exertional dyspnea
List other early, less obvious signs 6. Anorexia
of respiratory distress. 7. Increased cardiac and renal output
8. CNS symptoms (decreased LOC, anxiety, confusion, restlessness, irritability)
9. Flaring nares
10. Chest wall retractions
11. Expiratory grunt
12. Wheezing/prolonged expiration
1. Hypotension or hypertension
2. Dimness of vision
3.Somnolence
4. Stupor
List signs of more severe hypoxia.
5.Coma
6. Depressed respiration
7. Bradycardia
8. Cyanosis, peripheral or central
1. Assess, assess, assess!
2.Keep comfortable
List nursing interventions for children 3.Sitting or upright position (making a sort of nest for infants will help keep them
experiencing respiratory distress or failure. from sliding)
4. Monitor cardiac status
5.Decrease oxygen demands (manage fever, pain!)
Define acute epiglottitis. A serious, life-threatening obstructive inflammatory process of the epiglottis
At what age does epiglottitis occur? Primarily in children 2-5 years of age, but it can occur at any age
Name the organism that causes acute H. influenzae
epiglottitis.
