HESI GERONTOLOGY TEST 540 FINAL PAPER
2026 TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ You have diagnosed a 74-year-old patient with angle-closure
glaucoma. Which of these MOST likely caused the condition?
Sudden increase in intraocular pressure.
Hardening of the lens.
Lens clouding.
Gradual onset of increased intraocular pressure. Answer: Sudden
increase in intraocular pressure.
Presbyopia is caused by the hardening of the lens. Senile cataracts is
caused by lens clouding. Open-angle glaucoma is caused by the
gradual onset of increased intraocular pressure. Angle-closure
glaucoma is caused by the sudden increase in intraocular pressure.
◉ Which disease is NOT going to impact the older adult's ability to
eat?
stroke
dyphagia
,Parkinson's disease
hypertension. Answer: hypertension
Choice D is the right answer. Many diseases impact the older adult's
ability to eat. About 50% of patients who have had a stroke have
impaired ability to eat (choice A). Parkinson's disease and other
neurological conditions involve the muscle movement that is
necessary for chewing and swallowing (choice C). Dysphagia is
difficulty swallowing (choice B) and has significant impact on
feeding.
◉ Which theory holds that a person who believes that he can
succeed in performing an action that will result in a positive
outcome is more likely to perform the healthier behavior?
Family Systems Theory
Systems Theory
Health Belief Theory
Self-Efficacy Theory. Answer: Self-Efficacy Theory
The Family Systems Theory holds that families develop at different
rate and if one member is dysfunctional, the rest are affected
negatively. The Systems Theory holds that all parts of a system are
interrelated and dependent on each other. The Health Belief Theory
holds that the person who feels susceptible to the disease and
,believes that he will benefit from changing his behavior is more
likely to perform the healthier behavior.
◉ A patient who has been prescribed Keflex for pneumonia should
be advised to seek immediate medical attention if she experiences
which of the following?
Vaginal itching.
Easy bruising.
Joint pain.
Nausea.. Answer: Easy bruising.
This is the sign of a potentially serious side effect. Patients taking
Keflex may also experience vaginal discharge and itching, nausea,
and joint pain. These are not usually considered serious. Because
older adults may already be more prone to bruising than younger
patients, they should pay special attention to any bruising that
occurs while taking Keflex.
◉ Your 76-year-old male patient has had a cardiovascular asessment
and you found that he has a systolic heart murmur. In terms of this
assessment which of the following statements is correct?
The patient most likely has some underlying heart disease and
should undergo further tests.
, He is a candidate for valve replacement.
He has the first signs of congestive heart failure.
This abnormality is common in older persons and is related to
calcification and stiffening of the heart valves.. Answer: This
abnormality is common in older persons and is related to
calcification and stiffening of the heart valves.
This causes incomplete closure of the valve and results in systolic
heart murmur.
◉ A GNP understands that there are many skin changes as adults
grow older. Which of the following would NOT be a typical skin
change in the older adult?
thinner epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layers
seborrheic keratoses
presbycusis
senile purpura. Answer: presbycusis
Presbycusis is sensorineural hearing loss. It is not a skin change. All
of the other choices are changes that you might see in the skin of
older adults along with less fat, less elasticity, slower wound healing
and sebaceous glands hypertrophy.
2026 TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ You have diagnosed a 74-year-old patient with angle-closure
glaucoma. Which of these MOST likely caused the condition?
Sudden increase in intraocular pressure.
Hardening of the lens.
Lens clouding.
Gradual onset of increased intraocular pressure. Answer: Sudden
increase in intraocular pressure.
Presbyopia is caused by the hardening of the lens. Senile cataracts is
caused by lens clouding. Open-angle glaucoma is caused by the
gradual onset of increased intraocular pressure. Angle-closure
glaucoma is caused by the sudden increase in intraocular pressure.
◉ Which disease is NOT going to impact the older adult's ability to
eat?
stroke
dyphagia
,Parkinson's disease
hypertension. Answer: hypertension
Choice D is the right answer. Many diseases impact the older adult's
ability to eat. About 50% of patients who have had a stroke have
impaired ability to eat (choice A). Parkinson's disease and other
neurological conditions involve the muscle movement that is
necessary for chewing and swallowing (choice C). Dysphagia is
difficulty swallowing (choice B) and has significant impact on
feeding.
◉ Which theory holds that a person who believes that he can
succeed in performing an action that will result in a positive
outcome is more likely to perform the healthier behavior?
Family Systems Theory
Systems Theory
Health Belief Theory
Self-Efficacy Theory. Answer: Self-Efficacy Theory
The Family Systems Theory holds that families develop at different
rate and if one member is dysfunctional, the rest are affected
negatively. The Systems Theory holds that all parts of a system are
interrelated and dependent on each other. The Health Belief Theory
holds that the person who feels susceptible to the disease and
,believes that he will benefit from changing his behavior is more
likely to perform the healthier behavior.
◉ A patient who has been prescribed Keflex for pneumonia should
be advised to seek immediate medical attention if she experiences
which of the following?
Vaginal itching.
Easy bruising.
Joint pain.
Nausea.. Answer: Easy bruising.
This is the sign of a potentially serious side effect. Patients taking
Keflex may also experience vaginal discharge and itching, nausea,
and joint pain. These are not usually considered serious. Because
older adults may already be more prone to bruising than younger
patients, they should pay special attention to any bruising that
occurs while taking Keflex.
◉ Your 76-year-old male patient has had a cardiovascular asessment
and you found that he has a systolic heart murmur. In terms of this
assessment which of the following statements is correct?
The patient most likely has some underlying heart disease and
should undergo further tests.
, He is a candidate for valve replacement.
He has the first signs of congestive heart failure.
This abnormality is common in older persons and is related to
calcification and stiffening of the heart valves.. Answer: This
abnormality is common in older persons and is related to
calcification and stiffening of the heart valves.
This causes incomplete closure of the valve and results in systolic
heart murmur.
◉ A GNP understands that there are many skin changes as adults
grow older. Which of the following would NOT be a typical skin
change in the older adult?
thinner epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layers
seborrheic keratoses
presbycusis
senile purpura. Answer: presbycusis
Presbycusis is sensorineural hearing loss. It is not a skin change. All
of the other choices are changes that you might see in the skin of
older adults along with less fat, less elasticity, slower wound healing
and sebaceous glands hypertrophy.
