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NURS 497 ASSESSMENTS MIDTERM 1
2026 REAL QUESTIONS WITH EXPERTLY
VERIFIED ANSWERS.
Causes of primary HTN - correct answer -- SNS
- Renin-Angiotensin -Aldosterone System
- Natriuretic Peptides modulate renal sodium (BNP - left sided HF)
- Inflammation due to endothelial injury and tissue ischemia
- Obesity
- Insulin resistance
- renal dysfunction (increased aldosterone)
Secondary hypertension - correct answer -caused by an
underlying disease process, mostly chronic conditions, or
medication that raises peripheral vascular resistance or cardiac
output such as:
Renal Disorders
Endocrine Disorders (Hypo, hyper-thyroidism)
Vascular Disorders (Coarctation of the aorta, atherosclerosis)
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) (Over time the left
ventricle can get weaker)
Neurological Disorders: Anything that causes increased ICP
(brain tumor, encephalitis)
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Anything that causes respiratory acidosis of pulmonary origin
(Not breathing - putting more pressure on lung - blood not getting
to the brain)
Acute Stress (Hypoglycemia, burns, pancreatitis, ETOH
withdrawal.)
Drugs and other Substances (Corticosteroid, sns stimulants,
cocaine, red licorice)
Cardiovascular complications of HTN - correct answer -- LV
hypertrophy - less volume in ventricle = less blood for cardiac
output
- Angina pectoris - less oxygen delivered to myocardium (heart
muscle bigger so needs more oxygen)
- CHF (* left ventricular heart failure)
- CAD
- MI
- Sudden death - related to conduction, LV requires more
conduction
Vascular complications of HTN - correct answer -- The formation,
dissection and rupture of aneurysms
- Intermittent claudication - PAD, when you take a BP and there's
pain
- Gangrene results from vessel occlusion
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Renal complications of HTN - correct answer -- Parenchymal
damage
- Nephrosclerosis
- Renal arteriosclerosis
- Renal insufficiency or failure microalbuminemia early sign of
impending renal dysfunction
Retinal complications of HTN - correct answer -- Vascular
sclerosis
- Exudation
- Hemorrhage
Malignant HTN - correct answer -- Diastolic pressure > 140 mmhg
(Constant pressure on venous pressure, The higher the diastolic,
the higher the constriction)
- Linked to dysfunction of renin and angiotensin
- Can cause encephalopathy due to high arterial pressure
- May also cause papilledema, cardiac failure, uremia, retinopathy
and CVA
- Considered hypertensive crisis requiring vasodilators to lower
BP and venous pressure
NURS 497 ASSESSMENTS MIDTERM 1
2026 REAL QUESTIONS WITH EXPERTLY
VERIFIED ANSWERS.
Causes of primary HTN - correct answer -- SNS
- Renin-Angiotensin -Aldosterone System
- Natriuretic Peptides modulate renal sodium (BNP - left sided HF)
- Inflammation due to endothelial injury and tissue ischemia
- Obesity
- Insulin resistance
- renal dysfunction (increased aldosterone)
Secondary hypertension - correct answer -caused by an
underlying disease process, mostly chronic conditions, or
medication that raises peripheral vascular resistance or cardiac
output such as:
Renal Disorders
Endocrine Disorders (Hypo, hyper-thyroidism)
Vascular Disorders (Coarctation of the aorta, atherosclerosis)
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) (Over time the left
ventricle can get weaker)
Neurological Disorders: Anything that causes increased ICP
(brain tumor, encephalitis)
, Page | 2
Anything that causes respiratory acidosis of pulmonary origin
(Not breathing - putting more pressure on lung - blood not getting
to the brain)
Acute Stress (Hypoglycemia, burns, pancreatitis, ETOH
withdrawal.)
Drugs and other Substances (Corticosteroid, sns stimulants,
cocaine, red licorice)
Cardiovascular complications of HTN - correct answer -- LV
hypertrophy - less volume in ventricle = less blood for cardiac
output
- Angina pectoris - less oxygen delivered to myocardium (heart
muscle bigger so needs more oxygen)
- CHF (* left ventricular heart failure)
- CAD
- MI
- Sudden death - related to conduction, LV requires more
conduction
Vascular complications of HTN - correct answer -- The formation,
dissection and rupture of aneurysms
- Intermittent claudication - PAD, when you take a BP and there's
pain
- Gangrene results from vessel occlusion
, Page | 3
Renal complications of HTN - correct answer -- Parenchymal
damage
- Nephrosclerosis
- Renal arteriosclerosis
- Renal insufficiency or failure microalbuminemia early sign of
impending renal dysfunction
Retinal complications of HTN - correct answer -- Vascular
sclerosis
- Exudation
- Hemorrhage
Malignant HTN - correct answer -- Diastolic pressure > 140 mmhg
(Constant pressure on venous pressure, The higher the diastolic,
the higher the constriction)
- Linked to dysfunction of renin and angiotensin
- Can cause encephalopathy due to high arterial pressure
- May also cause papilledema, cardiac failure, uremia, retinopathy
and CVA
- Considered hypertensive crisis requiring vasodilators to lower
BP and venous pressure
