FCCN LEVEL 1 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026

FCCN LEVEL 1 EXAM

4 phases of AKI - ANSWERS-- onset
- oliguric
- diuretic = indicates return of tubular function
- recovery


prerenal renal failure - ANSWERS-- perfusion problem
- there is decreased renal perfusion
- nephrons are fully intact
- if not reversed...can lead to permanent damage


causes of prerenal renal failure - ANSWERS-- decreased intravascular
volume (bleeding, vomiting, diarrhea, sepsis)


- decreased cardiac function, CO
- vasodilation = sepsis and anaphylaxis


- abdominal compartment syndrome
- altered renal hemodynamics


assessment for prerenal renal failure - ANSWERS-- oliguria
- fluid deficit (hypotension, tachycardia, dry membranes, weak,
change in LOC)

,lab values for prerenal renal failure - ANSWERS-- high urine
osmolality
- low urine Na
- high urine specific gravity
- high BUN:Creatinine ration


- NO proteinuria


treating prerenal renal failure - ANSWERS-- volume expansion
- vasopressors


intrerenal renal failure - ANSWERS-- actual damage to nephrons and
primary tubules


cortical intrarenal failure causes - ANSWERS-- caused by infection ,
immune system, vascular damage, HTN, diabetes


medullary (ATN) intrarenal failure causes - ANSWERS-- ischemic
(same as prerenal)
- nephrotoxic
- antibiotics
- NSAIDs
- radiographic contrast

, intrarenal renal failure assessment - ANSWERS-- same as prerenal
- patient can be oliguric or non oliguric


labs for intrarenal failure - ANSWERS-- high urine Na
- low specific gravity
- high BUN
- creatinine high
- low urine osmolality


- positive urine sediment
- moderate proteinuria


treating intrarenal failure - ANSWERS-- maintain fluid balance
- prevent further damage
- manage complications


postrenal failure - ANSWERS-- partial or complete obstruction of
urinary tract that affects normal flow of urine out of kidney


assessment for postrenal failure - ANSWERS-- oliguric or anuric
- fluid excess


lab values for post renal failure - ANSWERS-- BUN and creatinine
elevated