ATI RN Community Health Nursing Study
Guide
Systems thinking - Answer--Studies how an individual, or unit, interacts with other
organizations or systems
Upstream thinking - Answer--Is used to focus on interventions that promote health or
prevent illness, as opposed to medical treatment models that focus on care after an
individual becomes ill
Nightingale's Environmental Theory - Answer---Highlights the relationship between an
individual's environment and health
-Depicts health as a continuum
-Emphasizes preventive care
Health Belief Model - Answer---Purpose is to predict health behaviors
-Emphasizes change at the individual level
-Assumes that the preventive health behaviors are taken primarily for the purpose of
avoiding disease
Milio's Framework for Prevention - Answer---Emphasizes change at the community level
-Identifies relationship between health deficits and availability of health-promoting
resources
Pender's Health Promotion Model - Answer---Does not consider health risk as a factor
that provokes change
-Examines factors that affect individuals actions like: personal factors, feelings, benefits,
barriers, attitudes of others, and abilities
,Determinants of Health - Answer--Factors that influence that client's health.
--> nutrition, stress, education, environment, finances, and social status
Health Indicators - Answer--Describe the health status of a community and serve as
targets for the improvement of a community's health
--> mortality rates, disease prevalence, levels of physical activity, obesity, tobacco, or
other substance use
Community - Answer---A group of people and institutions that share geographic, civic,
and/or social parameters
-The "community is the client" in community health nursing
Goals of Community Health Nursing - Answer--Promote, preserve, and maintain the
health of populations by the delivery of health services to individuals, families, and
groups in order to influence "community health"
Public Health Nursing - Answer---It is population-focused, and involves a combination of
nursing knowledge along with social and public health sciences
-GOAL: promote health and preventing disease
PHN: Assessment - Answer---Using systematic methods to monitor the health of a
population
-->Monitor health status to identify community health problems
-->Diagnose and investigate health problems/hazards in the community
PHN: Policy Development - Answer--Developing laws and practices to promote the
health of a population based on scientific evidence
PHN: Assurance - Answer--Making sure adequate health care personnel and services
are accessible, especially to those who might not normally have them
Population-focused Nursing - Answer---Includes assessing to determine needs,
intervening to protect and promote health, and preventing disease within a specific
population
Key Principles of PHN: - Answer---Emphasize primary prevention
-Work to achieve the greatest good for the largest number of individuals
-Recognize that the client is a partner in health
-Use resources wisely to promote the best outcomes
,Ethics - Answer--Preventing harm, doing no harm, promoting good, respecting both
individual and community rights, respecting autonomy and diversity, and providing
confidentiality, competency, trustworthiness, and advocacy
Advocacy - Answer--The nurse plays the role of informer, supporter, and mediator for
the client
Evidence-Based Practice - Answer---Involves using the best practices, expert opinion,
and client preferences to change the delivery of client care
-GOAL: improve client outcomes
EBP: Data - Answer--The nurse should appraise data collected from research to
measure whether bias was minimal (quality), the number of studies, participants, or
strength of effect (quantity) and whether the results are repeatable (consistency)
Quality - Answer--Quality assurance, improvement, and management are part of
improvement of health care
Total quality management (TQM) - Answer--Approach that seeks to improve quality and
performance which meets or exceeds expectations
Continuous quality improvement (CQI) - Answer--Approach to quality management that
emphasizes the organization and its processes and systems and uses objective data to
analyze and improve processes
Community Health Education - Answer---Nurses regularly provide health education in
order to promote, maintain, and restore the health of populations
-Nurses must take in account the barriers that make learning difficult like: age, cultural
beliefs, poor reading skills, and language barriers
-Effective community health education requires planning
Learning Theories: Behavioral Theory - Answer--Use of reinforcement methods to
change learners' behavior
Learning Theories: Cognitive Theory - Answer--Use of sensory input and repetition to
change learners' patterns of thought, thereby changing behaviors
Learning Theories: Critical Theory - Answer--Use of ongoing discussion and inquiry to
increase learners' depth of knowledge, thereby changing thinking and behaviors
, Learning Theories: Developmental Theory - Answer--Use of techniques specific to
learners' developmental stages to determine readiness to learn, and to impart
knowledge
Learning Theories: Humanistic Theory - Answer--Assists learners to grow by
emphasizing emotions and relationships and believing that free choice will prompt
actions that are in their own best interest
Learning Theories: Social Learning Theory - Answer--Links information to beliefs and
values to change or shift the learners' expectations
Domains of Learning: Cognitive - Answer--Involves knowledge and the development of
intellectual skills
Domains of Learning: Affective - Answer--Involves a change in attitude and
development of values
Domains of Learning: Psychomotor - Answer--Involves the performance of a skill
Development of a Community Health Education Plan - Answer---First, identify
population-specific learning needs
-Design the educational program
-Implement the educational program
-Evaluate the achievement of learning objectives
Epidemiology - Answer--The study of health-related trends in populations for the
purposes of disease prevention, health maintenance, and health protection
Epidemiology Process - Answer--A systematic method of targeting a specific health
need with the goal of improving health
-->Provides a broad understanding of the spread, transmission, and incidence of
disease and injury
Epidemiological Triangle - Answer---Epidemiology involves the study of the relationships
among an agent, host, and environment
-Their interaction determines the development and cessation of communicable
diseases, as they form a web of causality, which increases or decreases the risk for
disease
--> Agent: the physical, infectious, or chemical factor that causes disease
--> Host: the living being that an agent or the environment influences
Guide
Systems thinking - Answer--Studies how an individual, or unit, interacts with other
organizations or systems
Upstream thinking - Answer--Is used to focus on interventions that promote health or
prevent illness, as opposed to medical treatment models that focus on care after an
individual becomes ill
Nightingale's Environmental Theory - Answer---Highlights the relationship between an
individual's environment and health
-Depicts health as a continuum
-Emphasizes preventive care
Health Belief Model - Answer---Purpose is to predict health behaviors
-Emphasizes change at the individual level
-Assumes that the preventive health behaviors are taken primarily for the purpose of
avoiding disease
Milio's Framework for Prevention - Answer---Emphasizes change at the community level
-Identifies relationship between health deficits and availability of health-promoting
resources
Pender's Health Promotion Model - Answer---Does not consider health risk as a factor
that provokes change
-Examines factors that affect individuals actions like: personal factors, feelings, benefits,
barriers, attitudes of others, and abilities
,Determinants of Health - Answer--Factors that influence that client's health.
--> nutrition, stress, education, environment, finances, and social status
Health Indicators - Answer--Describe the health status of a community and serve as
targets for the improvement of a community's health
--> mortality rates, disease prevalence, levels of physical activity, obesity, tobacco, or
other substance use
Community - Answer---A group of people and institutions that share geographic, civic,
and/or social parameters
-The "community is the client" in community health nursing
Goals of Community Health Nursing - Answer--Promote, preserve, and maintain the
health of populations by the delivery of health services to individuals, families, and
groups in order to influence "community health"
Public Health Nursing - Answer---It is population-focused, and involves a combination of
nursing knowledge along with social and public health sciences
-GOAL: promote health and preventing disease
PHN: Assessment - Answer---Using systematic methods to monitor the health of a
population
-->Monitor health status to identify community health problems
-->Diagnose and investigate health problems/hazards in the community
PHN: Policy Development - Answer--Developing laws and practices to promote the
health of a population based on scientific evidence
PHN: Assurance - Answer--Making sure adequate health care personnel and services
are accessible, especially to those who might not normally have them
Population-focused Nursing - Answer---Includes assessing to determine needs,
intervening to protect and promote health, and preventing disease within a specific
population
Key Principles of PHN: - Answer---Emphasize primary prevention
-Work to achieve the greatest good for the largest number of individuals
-Recognize that the client is a partner in health
-Use resources wisely to promote the best outcomes
,Ethics - Answer--Preventing harm, doing no harm, promoting good, respecting both
individual and community rights, respecting autonomy and diversity, and providing
confidentiality, competency, trustworthiness, and advocacy
Advocacy - Answer--The nurse plays the role of informer, supporter, and mediator for
the client
Evidence-Based Practice - Answer---Involves using the best practices, expert opinion,
and client preferences to change the delivery of client care
-GOAL: improve client outcomes
EBP: Data - Answer--The nurse should appraise data collected from research to
measure whether bias was minimal (quality), the number of studies, participants, or
strength of effect (quantity) and whether the results are repeatable (consistency)
Quality - Answer--Quality assurance, improvement, and management are part of
improvement of health care
Total quality management (TQM) - Answer--Approach that seeks to improve quality and
performance which meets or exceeds expectations
Continuous quality improvement (CQI) - Answer--Approach to quality management that
emphasizes the organization and its processes and systems and uses objective data to
analyze and improve processes
Community Health Education - Answer---Nurses regularly provide health education in
order to promote, maintain, and restore the health of populations
-Nurses must take in account the barriers that make learning difficult like: age, cultural
beliefs, poor reading skills, and language barriers
-Effective community health education requires planning
Learning Theories: Behavioral Theory - Answer--Use of reinforcement methods to
change learners' behavior
Learning Theories: Cognitive Theory - Answer--Use of sensory input and repetition to
change learners' patterns of thought, thereby changing behaviors
Learning Theories: Critical Theory - Answer--Use of ongoing discussion and inquiry to
increase learners' depth of knowledge, thereby changing thinking and behaviors
, Learning Theories: Developmental Theory - Answer--Use of techniques specific to
learners' developmental stages to determine readiness to learn, and to impart
knowledge
Learning Theories: Humanistic Theory - Answer--Assists learners to grow by
emphasizing emotions and relationships and believing that free choice will prompt
actions that are in their own best interest
Learning Theories: Social Learning Theory - Answer--Links information to beliefs and
values to change or shift the learners' expectations
Domains of Learning: Cognitive - Answer--Involves knowledge and the development of
intellectual skills
Domains of Learning: Affective - Answer--Involves a change in attitude and
development of values
Domains of Learning: Psychomotor - Answer--Involves the performance of a skill
Development of a Community Health Education Plan - Answer---First, identify
population-specific learning needs
-Design the educational program
-Implement the educational program
-Evaluate the achievement of learning objectives
Epidemiology - Answer--The study of health-related trends in populations for the
purposes of disease prevention, health maintenance, and health protection
Epidemiology Process - Answer--A systematic method of targeting a specific health
need with the goal of improving health
-->Provides a broad understanding of the spread, transmission, and incidence of
disease and injury
Epidemiological Triangle - Answer---Epidemiology involves the study of the relationships
among an agent, host, and environment
-Their interaction determines the development and cessation of communicable
diseases, as they form a web of causality, which increases or decreases the risk for
disease
--> Agent: the physical, infectious, or chemical factor that causes disease
--> Host: the living being that an agent or the environment influences
