Bio 213 Niu Test 1 With Complete Solutions
What are microorganisms? - ANSWER Organisms that are too small to be seen
with the unaided eye. Also known as "germ"
How much bacteria on your skin?
Gut? In the oceans? - ANSWER Skin: 10^14 bacteria.
Gut: 10^12 bacteria
Oceans: 95% of biomass is microbial
Name the functions of a microorganism? - ANSWER They Decompose waste,
produce oxygen by photosynthesis, produce chemicals such as ethyl alcohol
and acetone, and produce fermented foods like vinegar, cheese and bread.
What are some products used in manufacturing and treatment that are
produced by microorganisms? - ANSWER Cellulase and insulin
What do you call microbes that are present in or on the human body? - ANSWER
Normal Microbiota or Normal Flora.
Why? because bacteria was considered once as a plant which gave the term
flora.
What is a infectious disease? - ANSWER When a pathogen overcomes the hosts
resistance, disease results. (EID) emerging infectious diseases.
What are the characteristics of prokaryotes? - ANSWER They have
peptidoglycan cell walls. lack internal organelles. binary fission. For energy they
use organic chemicals inorganic chemicals or photosynthesis.
What is a archaea? - ANSWER it is prokaryotic, they lack peptidoglycan and live
in extreme environments. things like methanogens, halophiles or thermophiles.
Who is Antoni van Leeuwenhoek? - ANSWER He was considered the first
microbiologist and improve the microscope.
What is spontaneous generation? - ANSWER The hypothesis that living
organisms arise from nonliving matter. a "vital force" forms life.
What is biogenesis? - ANSWER The alternate hypothesis that living organisms
arise from preexisting life.
Who is Louis Pasteur? - ANSWER The man who proved biogenesis. He created
the S-shaped flask (kept microbes out but let air in). He showed that
, microorganisms are present in the air. His experiment: nutrient broth sterilized,
not sealed= microbial growth.
sealed = no growth.
What is pasteurization? - ANSWER Pasteur's discovery that bacteria could be
killed from heat not hot enough to evaporate alcohol.
Who is Joseph Lister? - ANSWER He used a chemical disinfectant to prevent
surgical wound infections.
Who is Robert Koch? - ANSWER discovered that bacterium causes anthrax.
Koch's postulates stated that a specific microbe causes a specific disease.
Who is Edward Jenner? - ANSWER treated a person with cowpox virus and the
person was then protected from smallpox. Worlds first vaccine (vacca for cow).
protection is called immunity.
What are chemotherapeutic agents? - ANSWER they are used to treat infectious
disease can be synthetic drugs or antibiotics.
What are antibiotics? - ANSWER chemicals produced by bacteria and fungi that
inhibit or kill the other microbes.
Organic compounds contain what? - ANSWER Carbon and hydrogen
Inorganic compounds lack what? - ANSWER carbon. water is inorganic and is
polar
What are macromolecules? - ANSWER small organic molecules can combine
into large ones. they are polymers consisting of many small repeating
molecules.
Carbohydrates are important for? - ANSWER important for structure and energy
sources. (CH2O)n
What are monosaccharides? - ANSWER simple sugars with 3 to 7 carbon atoms.
What are monomers? - ANSWER smaller molecules that join by dehydration or
condensation.
What are simple lipids? - ANSWER fats or triglycerides that contain glycerol or
fatty acids formed by dehydration synthesis.
What are phospholipids? - ANSWER they are what membranes are made out of.
contain C, H and O+P, N or S
What are microorganisms? - ANSWER Organisms that are too small to be seen
with the unaided eye. Also known as "germ"
How much bacteria on your skin?
Gut? In the oceans? - ANSWER Skin: 10^14 bacteria.
Gut: 10^12 bacteria
Oceans: 95% of biomass is microbial
Name the functions of a microorganism? - ANSWER They Decompose waste,
produce oxygen by photosynthesis, produce chemicals such as ethyl alcohol
and acetone, and produce fermented foods like vinegar, cheese and bread.
What are some products used in manufacturing and treatment that are
produced by microorganisms? - ANSWER Cellulase and insulin
What do you call microbes that are present in or on the human body? - ANSWER
Normal Microbiota or Normal Flora.
Why? because bacteria was considered once as a plant which gave the term
flora.
What is a infectious disease? - ANSWER When a pathogen overcomes the hosts
resistance, disease results. (EID) emerging infectious diseases.
What are the characteristics of prokaryotes? - ANSWER They have
peptidoglycan cell walls. lack internal organelles. binary fission. For energy they
use organic chemicals inorganic chemicals or photosynthesis.
What is a archaea? - ANSWER it is prokaryotic, they lack peptidoglycan and live
in extreme environments. things like methanogens, halophiles or thermophiles.
Who is Antoni van Leeuwenhoek? - ANSWER He was considered the first
microbiologist and improve the microscope.
What is spontaneous generation? - ANSWER The hypothesis that living
organisms arise from nonliving matter. a "vital force" forms life.
What is biogenesis? - ANSWER The alternate hypothesis that living organisms
arise from preexisting life.
Who is Louis Pasteur? - ANSWER The man who proved biogenesis. He created
the S-shaped flask (kept microbes out but let air in). He showed that
, microorganisms are present in the air. His experiment: nutrient broth sterilized,
not sealed= microbial growth.
sealed = no growth.
What is pasteurization? - ANSWER Pasteur's discovery that bacteria could be
killed from heat not hot enough to evaporate alcohol.
Who is Joseph Lister? - ANSWER He used a chemical disinfectant to prevent
surgical wound infections.
Who is Robert Koch? - ANSWER discovered that bacterium causes anthrax.
Koch's postulates stated that a specific microbe causes a specific disease.
Who is Edward Jenner? - ANSWER treated a person with cowpox virus and the
person was then protected from smallpox. Worlds first vaccine (vacca for cow).
protection is called immunity.
What are chemotherapeutic agents? - ANSWER they are used to treat infectious
disease can be synthetic drugs or antibiotics.
What are antibiotics? - ANSWER chemicals produced by bacteria and fungi that
inhibit or kill the other microbes.
Organic compounds contain what? - ANSWER Carbon and hydrogen
Inorganic compounds lack what? - ANSWER carbon. water is inorganic and is
polar
What are macromolecules? - ANSWER small organic molecules can combine
into large ones. they are polymers consisting of many small repeating
molecules.
Carbohydrates are important for? - ANSWER important for structure and energy
sources. (CH2O)n
What are monosaccharides? - ANSWER simple sugars with 3 to 7 carbon atoms.
What are monomers? - ANSWER smaller molecules that join by dehydration or
condensation.
What are simple lipids? - ANSWER fats or triglycerides that contain glycerol or
fatty acids formed by dehydration synthesis.
What are phospholipids? - ANSWER they are what membranes are made out of.
contain C, H and O+P, N or S
