🔹
Nose is divided into 2 parts:
The external nose:
Bony part
🔹-The
Cartilaginous part
The internal nose (nasal cavities):
nasal cavity extends from the nostrils in front to the
posterior nasal apertures or choana behind
This is where the nose opens into the nasopharynx
The nasal vestibule is the area of the nasal cavity lying just
inside the nostril
🔸 The nasal cavity is divided into right and left
🔸
halves by the nasal septum.
Each cavity has anterior opening and
posterior opening( anterior nares and choana).
Each half of the nasal cavity has a floor, a roof, a lateral wall,
and a medial or septal wall
🔸 Floor: palatine process of the maxilla and the horizontal plate
🔸
of the palatine bone
Roof : beneath the bridge of the nose by the nasal and frontal
bones In the middle by the cribriform plate of the ethmoid,
🔷The Nose provide several 🔸
Posteriorly by the downward sloping body of the sphenoid
Medial wall: nasal septum formed by : quadrilateral
cartilage, perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone, vomer , maxillary
🔹
functions including:
1- Respiratory function:
a- It provides an airway for respiration.
🔸
crest and nasal crest of palatine bone
lateral wall: has three projections of bone called the superior,
middle, and inferior nasal concha.
b- Filtration of the inspired air ( protection).
c- Humidification of the inspired air. nose anatomy and The space below each concha is called a meatus.
🔹
d- Adjusts the temperature of The inspired air.
physiology Walls of the Nasal Cavity 🔸
🔹 2- Olfactory function. Superior Meatus
3- Phonatory function. It provides the -The superior meatus lies below the superior concha
🔹 🔸
voice with a resonant quality. -It receives the openings of the posterior ethmoid sinuses
PHYSIOLOGY
🔹
🔹
4- Nasal resistance
5- Nasal reflexes
Sphenoethmoidal Recess
-The sphenoethmoidal recess is a small area between the superior concha and the septum.
🔸
6- ventilation and drainage of PNS -It receives the opening of the sphenoid air sinus
🔷Function of PNS:- Middle Meatus
-The middle meatus lies below the middle concha
-It has a rounded swelling called the bulla ethmoidalis that is formed by the middle ethmoidal
1- Air conditioning of inspired air air sinuses.
2- vocal resonance -A curved opening, the hiatus semilunaris, lies just below the bulla
3- Thermal insulators for orbit and cranium -The anterior end of the hiatus leads into a funnel-shaped channel called the infundibulum,
4- Lightens weight of skull which is continuous with the frontal sinus
🔸
-The maxillary sinus opens into the middle meatus through the hiatus semilunaris
Inferior Meatus
-The inferior meatus lies below the inferior concha
-It receives the opening of the lower end of the nasolacrimal duct, which is guarded by a fold of
mucous membrane
🔸
Maxillary Sinus
The maxillary sinus is pyramidal in shape and
located within the body of the maxilla behind
the skin of the cheek 🔸
Frontal Sinuses
The two frontal sinuses are contained within
🔸 The roof is formed by the floor of the orbit, 🔸
the frontal bone
They are separated from each other by a
and the floor is related to the roots of the
premolars and molar teeth 🔸
bony septum
Each sinus is roughly triangular, extending
ANATOMY OF NASAL CAVITY 🔸 The maxillary sinus opens into the middle
meatus of the nose through the hiatus
upward above the medial end of the eyebrow
and backward into the medial part of the roof
of the orbit
semilunaris
🔸
Sphenoidal Sinuses
The two sphenoidal sinuses lie within the
🔸
Ethmoid Sinuses
The ethmoidal sinuses are anterior, middle,
and posterior and they are contained within the
by fatema okoff
🔸
Paranasal Sinuses
The paranasal sinuses are cavities found in the interior of the 🔸
body of the sphenoid bone ethmoid bone between the nose and the orbit
🔸
maxilla, frontal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones
Each sinus opens into the sphenoethmoidal
recess above the superior concha 🔸 They are separated from the orbit by a thin
🔸 They are lined with mucoperiosteum and filled with air
They communicate with the nasal cavity through relatively small
plate of bone so that infection can readily
spread from the sinuses into the orbit
🔸
apertures
The maxillary and ethmoidal sinuses are present in a rudimentary
🔸
🔸
form at birth The anterior sinuses open into the
They enlarge appreciably after the eighth year and become fully infundibulum
formed in adolescence
🔸 The middle sinuses open into the middle
meatus, on or above the bulla ethmoidalis
🔸 The posterior sinuses open into the superior
meatus
🔸 Mucous Membrane
-The vestibule is lined with modified skin and has coarse hairs
-The area above the superior concha is lined with olfactory mucous
membrane and contains nerve endings sensitive to the reception of 🔸
Drainage of Mucus
The mucus produced by the mucous membrane is moved into
smell
-The rest of the nasal cavity is lined with respiratory mucous 🔸
the nose by ciliary action of the columnar cells
Drainage of the mucus is also achieved by the siphon action
created during the blowing of the nose
membrane( pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium.
-A large plexus of veins in the submucous connective tissue is
present in the respiratory region
🔸
Nerve Supply
The olfactory nerves from the olfactory mucous membrane
ascend through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone to the
🔸
olfactory bulbs
The nerves of ordinary sensation are branches of the ophthalmic
🔸
division and the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve.
Autonomic : nerve of pterygoid canal( vidian nerve) formed of
sympathetic ( deep petrosal nerve) vasoconistrictor, and
parasympathetic (greater superficial petrosal nerve) secretomotor.
🔸
Blood Supply
External nose : nasal branch of facial a.,
nasal branch of infra-orbital a and dorsonasal
🔸
Lymph Drainage
The lymph vessels draining the external nose
and vestibule to the submandibular nodes
🔸
branches of ophalamic a.
Nasal cavity:
-Ant and post ethmoidal arteries.
🔸 The remainder of the nasal cavity is drained
by vessels that pass to the retropharyngeal and
-Sphenopalatine a ,greater palatine a, superior
upper deep cervical nodes
labial artery
Nose is divided into 2 parts:
The external nose:
Bony part
🔹-The
Cartilaginous part
The internal nose (nasal cavities):
nasal cavity extends from the nostrils in front to the
posterior nasal apertures or choana behind
This is where the nose opens into the nasopharynx
The nasal vestibule is the area of the nasal cavity lying just
inside the nostril
🔸 The nasal cavity is divided into right and left
🔸
halves by the nasal septum.
Each cavity has anterior opening and
posterior opening( anterior nares and choana).
Each half of the nasal cavity has a floor, a roof, a lateral wall,
and a medial or septal wall
🔸 Floor: palatine process of the maxilla and the horizontal plate
🔸
of the palatine bone
Roof : beneath the bridge of the nose by the nasal and frontal
bones In the middle by the cribriform plate of the ethmoid,
🔷The Nose provide several 🔸
Posteriorly by the downward sloping body of the sphenoid
Medial wall: nasal septum formed by : quadrilateral
cartilage, perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone, vomer , maxillary
🔹
functions including:
1- Respiratory function:
a- It provides an airway for respiration.
🔸
crest and nasal crest of palatine bone
lateral wall: has three projections of bone called the superior,
middle, and inferior nasal concha.
b- Filtration of the inspired air ( protection).
c- Humidification of the inspired air. nose anatomy and The space below each concha is called a meatus.
🔹
d- Adjusts the temperature of The inspired air.
physiology Walls of the Nasal Cavity 🔸
🔹 2- Olfactory function. Superior Meatus
3- Phonatory function. It provides the -The superior meatus lies below the superior concha
🔹 🔸
voice with a resonant quality. -It receives the openings of the posterior ethmoid sinuses
PHYSIOLOGY
🔹
🔹
4- Nasal resistance
5- Nasal reflexes
Sphenoethmoidal Recess
-The sphenoethmoidal recess is a small area between the superior concha and the septum.
🔸
6- ventilation and drainage of PNS -It receives the opening of the sphenoid air sinus
🔷Function of PNS:- Middle Meatus
-The middle meatus lies below the middle concha
-It has a rounded swelling called the bulla ethmoidalis that is formed by the middle ethmoidal
1- Air conditioning of inspired air air sinuses.
2- vocal resonance -A curved opening, the hiatus semilunaris, lies just below the bulla
3- Thermal insulators for orbit and cranium -The anterior end of the hiatus leads into a funnel-shaped channel called the infundibulum,
4- Lightens weight of skull which is continuous with the frontal sinus
🔸
-The maxillary sinus opens into the middle meatus through the hiatus semilunaris
Inferior Meatus
-The inferior meatus lies below the inferior concha
-It receives the opening of the lower end of the nasolacrimal duct, which is guarded by a fold of
mucous membrane
🔸
Maxillary Sinus
The maxillary sinus is pyramidal in shape and
located within the body of the maxilla behind
the skin of the cheek 🔸
Frontal Sinuses
The two frontal sinuses are contained within
🔸 The roof is formed by the floor of the orbit, 🔸
the frontal bone
They are separated from each other by a
and the floor is related to the roots of the
premolars and molar teeth 🔸
bony septum
Each sinus is roughly triangular, extending
ANATOMY OF NASAL CAVITY 🔸 The maxillary sinus opens into the middle
meatus of the nose through the hiatus
upward above the medial end of the eyebrow
and backward into the medial part of the roof
of the orbit
semilunaris
🔸
Sphenoidal Sinuses
The two sphenoidal sinuses lie within the
🔸
Ethmoid Sinuses
The ethmoidal sinuses are anterior, middle,
and posterior and they are contained within the
by fatema okoff
🔸
Paranasal Sinuses
The paranasal sinuses are cavities found in the interior of the 🔸
body of the sphenoid bone ethmoid bone between the nose and the orbit
🔸
maxilla, frontal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones
Each sinus opens into the sphenoethmoidal
recess above the superior concha 🔸 They are separated from the orbit by a thin
🔸 They are lined with mucoperiosteum and filled with air
They communicate with the nasal cavity through relatively small
plate of bone so that infection can readily
spread from the sinuses into the orbit
🔸
apertures
The maxillary and ethmoidal sinuses are present in a rudimentary
🔸
🔸
form at birth The anterior sinuses open into the
They enlarge appreciably after the eighth year and become fully infundibulum
formed in adolescence
🔸 The middle sinuses open into the middle
meatus, on or above the bulla ethmoidalis
🔸 The posterior sinuses open into the superior
meatus
🔸 Mucous Membrane
-The vestibule is lined with modified skin and has coarse hairs
-The area above the superior concha is lined with olfactory mucous
membrane and contains nerve endings sensitive to the reception of 🔸
Drainage of Mucus
The mucus produced by the mucous membrane is moved into
smell
-The rest of the nasal cavity is lined with respiratory mucous 🔸
the nose by ciliary action of the columnar cells
Drainage of the mucus is also achieved by the siphon action
created during the blowing of the nose
membrane( pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium.
-A large plexus of veins in the submucous connective tissue is
present in the respiratory region
🔸
Nerve Supply
The olfactory nerves from the olfactory mucous membrane
ascend through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone to the
🔸
olfactory bulbs
The nerves of ordinary sensation are branches of the ophthalmic
🔸
division and the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve.
Autonomic : nerve of pterygoid canal( vidian nerve) formed of
sympathetic ( deep petrosal nerve) vasoconistrictor, and
parasympathetic (greater superficial petrosal nerve) secretomotor.
🔸
Blood Supply
External nose : nasal branch of facial a.,
nasal branch of infra-orbital a and dorsonasal
🔸
Lymph Drainage
The lymph vessels draining the external nose
and vestibule to the submandibular nodes
🔸
branches of ophalamic a.
Nasal cavity:
-Ant and post ethmoidal arteries.
🔸 The remainder of the nasal cavity is drained
by vessels that pass to the retropharyngeal and
-Sphenopalatine a ,greater palatine a, superior
upper deep cervical nodes
labial artery
