HESI LPN ENTRANCE COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026 | VERIFIED
ENTRANCE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH DETAILED RATIONALES |
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF BASIC MATH, READING COMPREHENSION,
VOCABULARY, SCIENCE, AND CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS | STEP-BY-STEP
PREPARATION, PRACTICE TESTS, AND HIGH-YIELD STRATEGIES FOR
GUARANTEED LPN ADMISSION SUCCESS
Question 1: Which of the following is the primary function of the mitochondria in a human cell?
A. Protein synthesis
B. Lipid storage
C. ATP production through cellular respiration
D. DNA replication
CORRECT ANSWER: C. ATP production through cellular respiration
RATIONALE: Mitochondria are known as the "powerhouses" of the cell because they generate
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through aerobic cellular respiration, which provides energy for cellular
processes. Protein synthesis occurs primarily on ribosomes, lipid storage occurs in adipocytes and lipid
droplets, and DNA replication occurs in the nucleus.
Question 2: A nurse is calculating medication dosage and needs to convert 0.5 grams to milligrams.
What is the correct conversion?
A. 5 mg
B. 50 mg
C. 500 mg
D. 5000 mg
CORRECT ANSWER: C. 500 mg
RATIONALE: To convert grams to milligrams, multiply by 1,000 since 1 gram = 1,000 milligrams.
Therefore, 0.5 grams × 1,000 = 500 milligrams. This conversion is critical for accurate medication
administration in nursing practice.
Question 3: Which grammatical structure is correctly used in the following sentence: "The patient,
along with two family members, _____ waiting in the lobby"?
A. are
B. were
C. is
D. have been
CORRECT ANSWER: C. is
RATIONALE: The subject of the sentence is "The patient," which is singular. The phrase "along with two
family members" is a prepositional phrase that does not affect subject-verb agreement. Therefore, the
singular verb "is" correctly agrees with the singular subject "patient."
,Question 4: In the context of nursing ethics, what does the principle of beneficence primarily
emphasize?
A. Avoiding harm to patients
B. Respecting patient autonomy
C. Acting in the best interest of the patient
D. Ensuring fair distribution of resources
CORRECT ANSWER: C. Acting in the best interest of the patient
RATIONALE: Beneficence is an ethical principle that obligates healthcare providers to act for the
benefit of patients, promoting their well-being and taking positive steps to help them. Non-maleficence
refers to avoiding harm, autonomy to respecting patient decisions, and justice to fair resource
distribution.
Question 5: What is the simplified form of the fraction 48/64?
A. 2/3
B. 3/4
C. 4/5
D. 5/6
CORRECT ANSWER: B. 3/4
RATIONALE: To simplify 48/64, divide both numerator and denominator by their greatest common
divisor, which is 16. 48 ÷ 16 = 3 and 64 ÷ 16 = 4, resulting in 3/4. This is the fraction in its lowest terms.
Question 6: Which of the following words is a synonym for "ameliorate"?
A. Worsen
B. Improve
C. Maintain
D. Ignore
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Improve
RATIONALE: "Ameliorate" means to make something better or improve a condition. In nursing
contexts, interventions often aim to ameliorate patient symptoms or health outcomes. "Worsen" is an
antonym, while "maintain" and "ignore" do not convey improvement.
Question 7: During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the ventricles contract and eject blood into the
pulmonary artery and aorta?
A. Diastole
B. Systole
C. Atrial kick
D. Isovolumetric relaxation
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Systole
,RATIONALE: Systole refers to the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles contract,
increasing pressure and forcing blood out through the pulmonary artery (right ventricle) and aorta (left
ventricle). Diastole is the relaxation and filling phase.
Question 8: If a patient's temperature is 101.3°F, what is the equivalent temperature in Celsius? (Use
the formula: C = (F - 32) × 5/9)
A. 37.4°C
B. 38.5°C
C. 39.2°C
D. 40.1°C
CORRECT ANSWER: B. 38.5°C
RATIONALE: Using the conversion formula: C = (101.3 - 32) × 5/9 = (69.3) × 5/9 = 346.5/9 = 38.5°C.
Accurate temperature conversion is essential for clinical documentation and international
communication in healthcare.
Question 9: Which of the following sentences demonstrates correct subject-verb agreement?
A. The list of medications are on the chart.
B. Neither the nurse nor the physicians was available.
C. Each of the patients have received their medication.
D. The team of specialists is reviewing the case.
CORRECT ANSWER: D. The team of specialists is reviewing the case.
RATIONALE: "Team" is a collective noun treated as singular in this context, so it requires the singular
verb "is." Option A incorrectly uses plural "are" with singular "list." Option B should use "were" because
"physicians" is plural and closer to the verb. Option C should use "has" because "each" is singular.
Question 10: What is the primary role of neutrophils in the immune system?
A. Producing antibodies
B. Phagocytizing bacteria and cellular debris
C. Regulating allergic responses
D. Presenting antigens to T-cells
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Phagocytizing bacteria and cellular debris
RATIONALE: Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and serve as first responders
to infection. They engulf and destroy pathogens through phagocytosis. Antibody production is
performed by B-lymphocytes, allergic regulation by eosinophils and mast cells, and antigen presentation
by dendritic cells and macrophages.
Question 11: A medication order reads: "Give 250 mg of amoxicillin orally." The available suspension
is 125 mg/5 mL. How many milliliters should the nurse administer?
A. 2.5 mL
B. 5 mL
, C. 10 mL
D. 12.5 mL
CORRECT ANSWER: C. 10 mL
RATIONALE: Using ratio and proportion: 125 mg is to 5 mL as 250 mg is to X mL. Cross-multiplying:
125X = 1250, so X = 10 mL. Accurate dosage calculation prevents under- or overdosing, which is critical
for patient safety.
Question 12: Which of the following best defines the term "homeostasis"?
A. The process of cell division
B. The maintenance of a stable internal environment
C. The breakdown of nutrients for energy
D. The transmission of nerve impulses
CORRECT ANSWER: B. The maintenance of a stable internal environment
RATIONALE: Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to regulate internal conditions (e.g., temperature,
pH, fluid balance) within narrow limits despite external changes. This concept is foundational to
physiology and nursing care planning.
Question 13: In the sentence, "The nurse carefully documented the patient's vital signs," what is the
direct object?
A. nurse
B. carefully
C. documented
D. vital signs
CORRECT ANSWER: D. vital signs
RATIONALE: The direct object receives the action of the verb. Here, "documented" is the verb, and
"vital signs" is what was documented, making it the direct object. "Nurse" is the subject, "carefully" is an
adverb, and "documented" is the verb.
Question 14: Which organ is primarily responsible for the production of bile?
A. Pancreas
B. Gallbladder
C. Liver
D. Stomach
CORRECT ANSWER: C. Liver
RATIONALE: The liver produces bile, which aids in the digestion and absorption of fats. The gallbladder
stores and concentrates bile but does not produce it. The pancreas produces digestive enzymes and
bicarbonate, and the stomach produces gastric juices.
Question 15: What is the result of 3/8 + 1/4 expressed as a fraction in simplest form?
ENTRANCE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH DETAILED RATIONALES |
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF BASIC MATH, READING COMPREHENSION,
VOCABULARY, SCIENCE, AND CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS | STEP-BY-STEP
PREPARATION, PRACTICE TESTS, AND HIGH-YIELD STRATEGIES FOR
GUARANTEED LPN ADMISSION SUCCESS
Question 1: Which of the following is the primary function of the mitochondria in a human cell?
A. Protein synthesis
B. Lipid storage
C. ATP production through cellular respiration
D. DNA replication
CORRECT ANSWER: C. ATP production through cellular respiration
RATIONALE: Mitochondria are known as the "powerhouses" of the cell because they generate
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through aerobic cellular respiration, which provides energy for cellular
processes. Protein synthesis occurs primarily on ribosomes, lipid storage occurs in adipocytes and lipid
droplets, and DNA replication occurs in the nucleus.
Question 2: A nurse is calculating medication dosage and needs to convert 0.5 grams to milligrams.
What is the correct conversion?
A. 5 mg
B. 50 mg
C. 500 mg
D. 5000 mg
CORRECT ANSWER: C. 500 mg
RATIONALE: To convert grams to milligrams, multiply by 1,000 since 1 gram = 1,000 milligrams.
Therefore, 0.5 grams × 1,000 = 500 milligrams. This conversion is critical for accurate medication
administration in nursing practice.
Question 3: Which grammatical structure is correctly used in the following sentence: "The patient,
along with two family members, _____ waiting in the lobby"?
A. are
B. were
C. is
D. have been
CORRECT ANSWER: C. is
RATIONALE: The subject of the sentence is "The patient," which is singular. The phrase "along with two
family members" is a prepositional phrase that does not affect subject-verb agreement. Therefore, the
singular verb "is" correctly agrees with the singular subject "patient."
,Question 4: In the context of nursing ethics, what does the principle of beneficence primarily
emphasize?
A. Avoiding harm to patients
B. Respecting patient autonomy
C. Acting in the best interest of the patient
D. Ensuring fair distribution of resources
CORRECT ANSWER: C. Acting in the best interest of the patient
RATIONALE: Beneficence is an ethical principle that obligates healthcare providers to act for the
benefit of patients, promoting their well-being and taking positive steps to help them. Non-maleficence
refers to avoiding harm, autonomy to respecting patient decisions, and justice to fair resource
distribution.
Question 5: What is the simplified form of the fraction 48/64?
A. 2/3
B. 3/4
C. 4/5
D. 5/6
CORRECT ANSWER: B. 3/4
RATIONALE: To simplify 48/64, divide both numerator and denominator by their greatest common
divisor, which is 16. 48 ÷ 16 = 3 and 64 ÷ 16 = 4, resulting in 3/4. This is the fraction in its lowest terms.
Question 6: Which of the following words is a synonym for "ameliorate"?
A. Worsen
B. Improve
C. Maintain
D. Ignore
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Improve
RATIONALE: "Ameliorate" means to make something better or improve a condition. In nursing
contexts, interventions often aim to ameliorate patient symptoms or health outcomes. "Worsen" is an
antonym, while "maintain" and "ignore" do not convey improvement.
Question 7: During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the ventricles contract and eject blood into the
pulmonary artery and aorta?
A. Diastole
B. Systole
C. Atrial kick
D. Isovolumetric relaxation
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Systole
,RATIONALE: Systole refers to the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles contract,
increasing pressure and forcing blood out through the pulmonary artery (right ventricle) and aorta (left
ventricle). Diastole is the relaxation and filling phase.
Question 8: If a patient's temperature is 101.3°F, what is the equivalent temperature in Celsius? (Use
the formula: C = (F - 32) × 5/9)
A. 37.4°C
B. 38.5°C
C. 39.2°C
D. 40.1°C
CORRECT ANSWER: B. 38.5°C
RATIONALE: Using the conversion formula: C = (101.3 - 32) × 5/9 = (69.3) × 5/9 = 346.5/9 = 38.5°C.
Accurate temperature conversion is essential for clinical documentation and international
communication in healthcare.
Question 9: Which of the following sentences demonstrates correct subject-verb agreement?
A. The list of medications are on the chart.
B. Neither the nurse nor the physicians was available.
C. Each of the patients have received their medication.
D. The team of specialists is reviewing the case.
CORRECT ANSWER: D. The team of specialists is reviewing the case.
RATIONALE: "Team" is a collective noun treated as singular in this context, so it requires the singular
verb "is." Option A incorrectly uses plural "are" with singular "list." Option B should use "were" because
"physicians" is plural and closer to the verb. Option C should use "has" because "each" is singular.
Question 10: What is the primary role of neutrophils in the immune system?
A. Producing antibodies
B. Phagocytizing bacteria and cellular debris
C. Regulating allergic responses
D. Presenting antigens to T-cells
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Phagocytizing bacteria and cellular debris
RATIONALE: Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and serve as first responders
to infection. They engulf and destroy pathogens through phagocytosis. Antibody production is
performed by B-lymphocytes, allergic regulation by eosinophils and mast cells, and antigen presentation
by dendritic cells and macrophages.
Question 11: A medication order reads: "Give 250 mg of amoxicillin orally." The available suspension
is 125 mg/5 mL. How many milliliters should the nurse administer?
A. 2.5 mL
B. 5 mL
, C. 10 mL
D. 12.5 mL
CORRECT ANSWER: C. 10 mL
RATIONALE: Using ratio and proportion: 125 mg is to 5 mL as 250 mg is to X mL. Cross-multiplying:
125X = 1250, so X = 10 mL. Accurate dosage calculation prevents under- or overdosing, which is critical
for patient safety.
Question 12: Which of the following best defines the term "homeostasis"?
A. The process of cell division
B. The maintenance of a stable internal environment
C. The breakdown of nutrients for energy
D. The transmission of nerve impulses
CORRECT ANSWER: B. The maintenance of a stable internal environment
RATIONALE: Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to regulate internal conditions (e.g., temperature,
pH, fluid balance) within narrow limits despite external changes. This concept is foundational to
physiology and nursing care planning.
Question 13: In the sentence, "The nurse carefully documented the patient's vital signs," what is the
direct object?
A. nurse
B. carefully
C. documented
D. vital signs
CORRECT ANSWER: D. vital signs
RATIONALE: The direct object receives the action of the verb. Here, "documented" is the verb, and
"vital signs" is what was documented, making it the direct object. "Nurse" is the subject, "carefully" is an
adverb, and "documented" is the verb.
Question 14: Which organ is primarily responsible for the production of bile?
A. Pancreas
B. Gallbladder
C. Liver
D. Stomach
CORRECT ANSWER: C. Liver
RATIONALE: The liver produces bile, which aids in the digestion and absorption of fats. The gallbladder
stores and concentrates bile but does not produce it. The pancreas produces digestive enzymes and
bicarbonate, and the stomach produces gastric juices.
Question 15: What is the result of 3/8 + 1/4 expressed as a fraction in simplest form?
