COMPLETE VERIFIED 2026 FINAL SCRIPT
FULL SOLUTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
⩥ Parasympathetic Nervous System. Answer: Mediated by
acetylcholine; controls rest and digest; conserves energy and the body's
resources; controls everyday metabolism
⩥ Sympathetic Nervous System. Answer: Mediated by catecholamines
(epi and norepi); prepares the body for fight or flight; mobilizes energy
stores --> releases insulin; redistributes blood flow - increased to
muscles, decreased to GI/integumentary
⩥ Focal brain injury. Answer: Specific lesions that are observable on
imaging; epidural or subdural hemorrhage
⩥ Diffuse brain injury. Answer: Injuries involving widespread areas of
the brain; may be difficult to detect and define because damage is often
microscopic; hypoxia is the number 1 cause; other causes include
meningitis or encephalitis
, ⩥ Autonomic Dysreflexia (below the lesion). Answer: Faulty control of
sweating because the hypothalmus is unable to regulate body heat due to
SNS damage; pale, cool skin
⩥ Autonomic Dysreflexia (general). Answer: A complication occurring
in a person who has a spinal cord injury above T6
⩥ Autonomic Dysreflexia (above the lesion). Answer: Paroxysmal
hypertension (up to 300 mmHg systolic), piloerection, and sweating with
flushing of the skin; headache, bradycardia
⩥ Delirium. Answer: Acute onset, short duration; often associated with
UTI, resolves with treatment; attention and orientation are impaired;
patient can be agitated, disorganized, and have hallucinations
⩥ Dementia. Answer: Usually insidious with chronic slow decline;
attention and orientation are often intact early in the progression; no
overt behavioral signs early
⩥ Alzheimer Disease. Answer: Leading cause of dementia; greatest risk
factors are age and family history; specific diagnosis is made by
postmortem examination
⩥ Stroke (incidence). Answer: Two times higher in blacks than whites;
tends to run in families; most common are ischemic