COMPLETE VERIFIED 2026 TEST BANK
UPDATED QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
GRADED A+
⩥ What causes secondary dysmenorrhea? Answer: Disorders such as
endometriosis, endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, uterine
fibroids, polyps, tumors, ovarian cysts, or IUDs.
⩥ What is endometriosis? Answer: The presence of functioning
endometrial tissue or implants outside the uterus.
⩥ What are common sites of endometriosis implantation? Answer:
Pelvic peritoneum, ovaries, uterosacral ligaments, and other areas like
the GI tract and lungs.
⩥ What are common symptoms of endometriosis? Answer: Pain,
infertility, dysmenorrhea, dysuria, dyspareunia, constipation, and
abnormal vaginal bleeding.
⩥ What is Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)? Answer: A condition
characterized by irregular ovulation, elevated androgen levels, and
polycystic ovaries.
,⩥ What are the cardinal features of PCOS? Answer: Hyperandrogenic
state and ovulatory dysfunction.
⩥ What role does insulin resistance play in PCOS? Answer: It
aggravates the hyperandrogenic state and contributes to the severity of
symptoms.
⩥ What is Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)? Answer: An acute
inflammatory process caused by infection of the upper genital tract.
⩥ What are the consequences of PID? Answer: Scarring, adhesions,
infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain.
⩥ Which infections commonly cause PID? Answer: Gonorrhea and
chlamydia.
⩥ What is bacterial vaginosis (BV)? Answer: A noninflammatory
condition caused by an overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria, leading to
malodorous discharge.
⩥ What is Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP)? Answer: The descent of the
vaginal wall, uterus, or apex of the vagina.
⩥ What are common causes of POP? Answer: Childbirth trauma, pelvic
floor surgery, obesity, and chronic conditions.
, ⩥ What is a cystocele? Answer: Descent of a portion of the posterior
bladder wall into the vaginal canal.
⩥ What symptoms are associated with a cystocele? Answer: Urination
issues, pelvic discomfort, and frequent UTIs.
⩥ What is a rectocele? Answer: Bulging of the rectum and posterior
vaginal wall into the vaginal canal.
⩥ What is an enterocele? Answer: Herniation of the rectouterine pouch
into the rectovaginal septum.
⩥ What is ovarian cancer often referred to as? Answer: The 'silent killer'
due to its asymptomatic nature until late stages.
⩥ What genetic factors are associated with ovarian cancer? Answer:
Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes.
⩥ What role do BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes play in breast cancer?
Answer: BRCA1 is a tumor-suppressor gene, while BRCA2 helps repair
damaged DNA.