EXAM PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS GRADED A+
• Patent Processus vaginalis.
Answer: Predisposes the patient to indirect or congenital hernias
• what pathogen causes CAP- Common viral and bacterial causes of
pneumonia:.
Answer: The most common pathogens include: - Streptococcus Pneumoniae
- Haemophilus influenzae - Mycoplasma Pneumoniae - Chlamydophila
Pneumoniae - Viral infections • -VIRAL: INFLUENZA A AND B, RSV •
-BACTERIAL: STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE, H. INFLUENZAE,
LEGIONELLA PNEUMOPHILA, STAPH AUREUS, CHLAMYDIA
PNEUMONIAE, MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIA
• endometriosis interstital cystitis IBS.
Answer: 3 most common causes of chronic pelvic pain.
• What is the first lifestyle modification to address for someone diagnosed
with HTN.
Answer: Weight reduction
• When treating bacterial conjunctivitis, which antibiotic should NOT be used
for patient's with contacts?.
Answer: polytrim (polymyxin B sulfate and trimethoprim ophthalmic
solutio)
• montelukast (Singulair) is an example of what?.
Answer: NON STEROIDAL PREVENTERS
• TO rule out carcinoma.
Answer: Why is urine cytology done in patent with BPH and the presence of
hematuria?
,• A1C, CBC, CMP, TSH, Lipid Panel, Total testosterone, Nocturnal penile
tumescense testing, Duplex doppler image..
Answer: Which diagnostic tests should be used to r/o cause for erectile
dysfunction?
• Evaluation for pnumnoia.
Answer: •History •Physical examination- dull lungs to percussion, rales,
wheezing. •CXR - infiltrate by CXR required for diagnosis •Laboratory
studies - may include -CBC -BMP -Sputum culture
• which of the following is the drug of choice for a African American pt with
HTN and DM?.
Answer: HCTZ (diuretic)
• which 1st line antibiotic class for an adult with NKDA should be given with
Strep A-beta-hemolytic.
Answer: Beta-lactam
• There are 4 stages of heart failure, classified as A-D- Describe the evolution
and progression of the disease.
Answer: A -Asymptomatic; B -structural change; C-Fatigue, DOE,
-Pulmonary congestion on CXR, Cardiomegaly; D-nocturnal dyspnea,
edema, JVD, S3, crackles, Pleural effusion
• Lung Cancer.
Answer: •Non-small-cell -Adenocarcinoma - most common type •Many
present peripherally •Frequently arise in areas of previous pulmonary
parenchymal damage •Less closely associated with smoking than other
types -Squamous cell - second most common type •Strongly associated with
smoking •Most occur centrally and can produce bronchial obstruction •Tend
to ulcerate and cause bleeding •Non-small-cell -Undifferentiated large-cell -
least common type •Likely a form of adenocarcinoma, but are found
centrally •Metastasize early to bone, liver, and brain •Small-cell -Located
centrally -Tumors grow rapidly - 50 - 75% of patients have metastatic
disease at time of diagnosis -Untreated, the median survival is only a few
, months
• What is the cause of CAD and PAD/PVD?.
Answer: atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries)
• Salbutamol (Ventolin) and Albuterol is an example of what?.
Answer: Short acting beta-2 andrenergic (SABA)
• -Anatomical abnormalities such as ureterovesical reflux -Urinary
obstruction -Stress incontinence -Multiple or recurrent UTIs - Renal disease
-Kidney trauma -Pregnancy -Metabolic disorders -Agressive bacterial
infection -geriatrics -underlying renal disorders.
Answer: What are predisposing factors that put patients at greater risk for
pyleonephritis?
• -Tenasmus -Pain -Persistent desire to empty b/b accompanied by
involuntary, ineffective straining efforts. -Obstuctive symptoms: Weak
stream, incomplete bladder emptying, terminal dribbling. -Irritative
symptoms.
Answer: Subjective clinical findings associated with chronic prostatits?
• what maneuver can be performed to help manage sx of vertigo?.
Answer: Epley maneuver
• How to educate for nose bleeds.
Answer: •Firm pressure-superior to nasal cartilage
• Pyelonephritis or kidney stone.
Answer: Common causes of CVA tenderness?
• Stages of PVD.
Answer: 1. Reduced pulses 2. Intermittent claudication 3. Pain when resting
4. Ulcers
• size, type, and location of stone..
Answer: What factors determine the s/sx present with kidney stones?
• - Fatigue -Nausea -decreased appetite with wt loss -nocturia &/or polyuria
-symptoms of renal failure.