Clinical Neuroscience: Exam 2
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Skin
Subcutaneous connections
What structures make up the scalp? Galea Aponeurosis
Loose area connective tissue
Pericranium
What is the purpose of the scalp? Protect brain from outside forces
Even though the skull provides a strong barrier to protect
the brain. What acts as a secondary line of defense over Meningies
the brain?
Dura mater
The meninges cover both brain and spinal cord forming a
tight seal with three membrane structure. What are those Arachnoid mater
3 membranes?
Pia mater
What is the most outermost layer of the meninges? It is
Dura mater
also the thickest and toughest membrane.
Pia mater
List the layers of the meninges from the innermost layer
Arachnoid mater
to the outermost layer
Dura mater
What layer of meninges is perforated to allow cranial
Dura mater
nerves and blood vessels to pass through?
What function does the dura mater has, because it is a
Allows cranial nerves and blood vessels to pass though
perforated layer?
What are the 2 layers of the outmost layer, the dura mater?
, Clinical Neuroscience: Exam 2
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Periosteal layer
Meningeal layer
Where does the spinal dura meet with the meningeal
Foramen magnum
layer?
Separations of the dura membranes create what? Sinuses
Sinuses are separations of the dura membranes. Why are
Venous drainage system functions
they important?
What is a fold in the dura? Septums
Septums are dura folds in a few places that have what
Separates brain structures
function?
Falx Cerebri
What is the function of the fold of dura in the longitudinal
fissure? What is this structure called?
Seperates the right and left hemispheres
Falx Cerebri
What are the 2 main folds of dura in the brain?
Tentorium cerebelli
Dura fold that separates the right and left hemisphere in
What is the falx cerebri?
longitudinal fissure
Dura fold occurs at back of brain and divides cerebral
What is the tentorium cerebelli?
hemispheres from cerebellum
What is the dura fold that primarily divides the occipital
Tentorium cerebelli
lobes from the cerebellum?
What part of the dura mater is important for venous
Sinuses
drainage systems?
The periosteal layer and meningeal layer are part of what
Dura mater
meninges structure?
, Clinical Neuroscience: Exam 2
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When head is moved or stopped quickly, the brain tissue
How can the falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli cause
can move and abrade at the dural edges causing lacera-
damage to brain tissue?
tions
Falx Cerebri: Corpus callosum could be damaged
What brain structures would the falx cerebri and the ten- Tentorium Cerebelli:
torium cerebelli most likely damage during a high speed
impact to the head? Midbrain
Oculomotor nerve
What meninges layer adheres to the dura mater Arachnoid mater
What is the thin mininge layer that is thinner and more
Arachnoid mater
delicate than the dura but not as delicate as the pia mater
The arachnoid mater gets it's name because it has a
Spiderweb like
_______________ appearance
Describe the location of the arachnoid membrane In middle layer of meninges layer between dura and pia.
What is the function of the subarachnoid space? Suspend the brain
What space is between the pia and arachnoid layers and
Subarachnoid space
has trabeculae that suspend the brain?
What serves as 1 way valves to the dural sinus? Arachnoid granulations
What meningie layer follows the contours of the brain? Pia mater
What is the innermost layer of the brain and adheres
Pia mater
directly to brain tissue?
Thinnest and most delicate meningeal layer. Follows each
Describe the pia mater
gyri and sulci and adheres to spinal cord
The pia mater extends from the spinal cord surface and
anchors the spinal cord to the dura. What is this structure Dentate ligaments
called?
, Clinical Neuroscience: Exam 2
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What is the function of the dentate ligaments? Anchors the spinal cord to the dura
Space that lies above dura
What is the epidural space?
Contains the middle meningeal artery
What space contains the middle meningeal artery? Epidural space
A lesion to what artery would lead to a hematoma? Middle meningeal artery
What artery goes through foramen spinosum? Middle meningeal artery
A middle meningeal artery rupture would lead to what
Epidural hematoma
pathology?
What are the initial signs and symptoms of an epidural May be initially asymptomatic, but within hours have in-
hematoma? creased ICP, herniation and possible death
Between dura and arachnoid
Describe the subdural space
Contains bridging veins that cross subdural space and
drain into venous sinuses
What space contains bridging veins that cross subdural
Subdural space
space and drain into venous sinuses?
Chornic (elderly)
What are the 2 types of subdural hematomas?
Acute
What is the rupture of the bridging veins which are sus-
Subdural hematoma
ceptible to shear forces?
Rupture of bridging veins which are susceptible to shear
Subdural hematomas are usually due to what?
forces
CSF
What is contained in the subarachnoid space?
(space between arachnoid and pia mater)
Describe a subarchnoid hematoma
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Skin
Subcutaneous connections
What structures make up the scalp? Galea Aponeurosis
Loose area connective tissue
Pericranium
What is the purpose of the scalp? Protect brain from outside forces
Even though the skull provides a strong barrier to protect
the brain. What acts as a secondary line of defense over Meningies
the brain?
Dura mater
The meninges cover both brain and spinal cord forming a
tight seal with three membrane structure. What are those Arachnoid mater
3 membranes?
Pia mater
What is the most outermost layer of the meninges? It is
Dura mater
also the thickest and toughest membrane.
Pia mater
List the layers of the meninges from the innermost layer
Arachnoid mater
to the outermost layer
Dura mater
What layer of meninges is perforated to allow cranial
Dura mater
nerves and blood vessels to pass through?
What function does the dura mater has, because it is a
Allows cranial nerves and blood vessels to pass though
perforated layer?
What are the 2 layers of the outmost layer, the dura mater?
, Clinical Neuroscience: Exam 2
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Periosteal layer
Meningeal layer
Where does the spinal dura meet with the meningeal
Foramen magnum
layer?
Separations of the dura membranes create what? Sinuses
Sinuses are separations of the dura membranes. Why are
Venous drainage system functions
they important?
What is a fold in the dura? Septums
Septums are dura folds in a few places that have what
Separates brain structures
function?
Falx Cerebri
What is the function of the fold of dura in the longitudinal
fissure? What is this structure called?
Seperates the right and left hemispheres
Falx Cerebri
What are the 2 main folds of dura in the brain?
Tentorium cerebelli
Dura fold that separates the right and left hemisphere in
What is the falx cerebri?
longitudinal fissure
Dura fold occurs at back of brain and divides cerebral
What is the tentorium cerebelli?
hemispheres from cerebellum
What is the dura fold that primarily divides the occipital
Tentorium cerebelli
lobes from the cerebellum?
What part of the dura mater is important for venous
Sinuses
drainage systems?
The periosteal layer and meningeal layer are part of what
Dura mater
meninges structure?
, Clinical Neuroscience: Exam 2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_7wvi4c
When head is moved or stopped quickly, the brain tissue
How can the falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli cause
can move and abrade at the dural edges causing lacera-
damage to brain tissue?
tions
Falx Cerebri: Corpus callosum could be damaged
What brain structures would the falx cerebri and the ten- Tentorium Cerebelli:
torium cerebelli most likely damage during a high speed
impact to the head? Midbrain
Oculomotor nerve
What meninges layer adheres to the dura mater Arachnoid mater
What is the thin mininge layer that is thinner and more
Arachnoid mater
delicate than the dura but not as delicate as the pia mater
The arachnoid mater gets it's name because it has a
Spiderweb like
_______________ appearance
Describe the location of the arachnoid membrane In middle layer of meninges layer between dura and pia.
What is the function of the subarachnoid space? Suspend the brain
What space is between the pia and arachnoid layers and
Subarachnoid space
has trabeculae that suspend the brain?
What serves as 1 way valves to the dural sinus? Arachnoid granulations
What meningie layer follows the contours of the brain? Pia mater
What is the innermost layer of the brain and adheres
Pia mater
directly to brain tissue?
Thinnest and most delicate meningeal layer. Follows each
Describe the pia mater
gyri and sulci and adheres to spinal cord
The pia mater extends from the spinal cord surface and
anchors the spinal cord to the dura. What is this structure Dentate ligaments
called?
, Clinical Neuroscience: Exam 2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_7wvi4c
What is the function of the dentate ligaments? Anchors the spinal cord to the dura
Space that lies above dura
What is the epidural space?
Contains the middle meningeal artery
What space contains the middle meningeal artery? Epidural space
A lesion to what artery would lead to a hematoma? Middle meningeal artery
What artery goes through foramen spinosum? Middle meningeal artery
A middle meningeal artery rupture would lead to what
Epidural hematoma
pathology?
What are the initial signs and symptoms of an epidural May be initially asymptomatic, but within hours have in-
hematoma? creased ICP, herniation and possible death
Between dura and arachnoid
Describe the subdural space
Contains bridging veins that cross subdural space and
drain into venous sinuses
What space contains bridging veins that cross subdural
Subdural space
space and drain into venous sinuses?
Chornic (elderly)
What are the 2 types of subdural hematomas?
Acute
What is the rupture of the bridging veins which are sus-
Subdural hematoma
ceptible to shear forces?
Rupture of bridging veins which are susceptible to shear
Subdural hematomas are usually due to what?
forces
CSF
What is contained in the subarachnoid space?
(space between arachnoid and pia mater)
Describe a subarchnoid hematoma
