TEST BANK 2026 UPDATED QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ thoracic landmarks. Answer: midline trachea, costal angle, angle of
ribs, intercostal spaces, suprasternal notch
⩥ symmetry of chest. Answer: thoracic expansion at costal angle, w/o
use of accessory muscles
⩥ hx questions for cc of resp issue. Answer: What is the nature of your
cough?; Do you produce any sputum?; Is your cough related to activity?;
What position are you most comfortable in?; How many pillows do you
sleep with at night?; Is your SOB related to activity?
⩥ normal respirations. Answer: rate between 12 to 20/min; ratio of resp
to heart beats= 1:4; pt should breathe easily, regularly w/o apparent
distress; pattern should be even, not too shallow or too deep
⩥ hypopnea. Answer: term for abnormally shallow respirations
⩥ tachypnea. Answer: term for resp rate greater than 20, but consistent
and may occur during hyperventilation; often a symptom of pain
, ⩥ bradypnea. Answer: term for resp rate less than 12; may indicate
neurologic or electrolyte disturbances, infection, or conscious response
to protect against the pain of pleurisy or other irritative pneumonia. Can
also be 2/2 level of cardio fitness
⩥ hyperventilation. Answer: term for fast and deep, heavy respirations,
can be caused by exercise, anxiety, and CNS and metabolic diseases
⩥ hyperpnea. Answer: term for abnormally deep respirations
⩥ kussmaul respirations. Answer: deep and mostly rapid respirations,
used to describe resp effort of metabolic acidosis
⩥ cheyne stokes respirations. Answer: regular breathing with intervals of
apnea by crescendo decrescendo breathing; can be seen in sleeping pts,
but mostly pts who are very ill, esp with brain damage
⩥ biot respirations. Answer: irregular breathing that varies in depth and
is interrupted irregularly by intervals of apnea; associated with severe
and persistent increased intracranial pressure, resp compromise from
drug poisoning, or brain damage at the medulla and generally equals
poor prognosis