Behavioral Neuroscience Exam 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ffz0m
a chemical messenger that communicates across a
Neurotransmitters
synapse
a chemical messenger that communicates with target cells
Neuromodulators more distant than the synapse by diffusing away from the
point of release
a chemical messenger that communicates with target cells
Neurohormones at a great distance, often by traveling through the circula-
tion
releasing or activated by acetylcholine or a related com-
Cholinergic
pound
an enzyme that breaks down the neurotransmitter acetyl-
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
choline
One of a major group of biogenic amine neurotransmit-
Monoamines ters, including dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine,
and serotonin
A member of a group of related biogenic amines that
Catecholamines
includes dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine
one of a subgroup of monoamines including serotonin
Indolamines
and melatonin
Amino Acids an essential component of proteins
A peptide neurochemical secreted by the arcuate nucleus
Neuropeptides
of the hypothalamus that initiates eating
chemicals like NO diffuse through membranes without
needing vesicles or a release mechanism, act on recep-
Gaseous Neurotransmitters
tors located within cells, break down very quickly without
needing the action of enzymes
Lipid Neurotransmitters ex: cannaobinoids
Antagonist drug that reduces the action of a neurotransmitter
,Behavioral Neuroscience Exam 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ffz0m
Agonist substance the promotes the activity of a neurotransmitter
Placebo Effect perceived benefit from inactive substances or procedures
a substance that is given to someone under their assump-
Placebo
tion that it is the real drug, although it is a fake
the process in which more of a drug is needed to produce
Tolerance
the same effect
the symptoms that occur when certain addictive drugs are
Withdrawl no longer administered or are administered in smaller
quantities
Addiction a compulsive craving for drug effects or other experience
part of the basal ganglia, involved in neurotransmitter
Nucleus Accumbens
pathways
Mesolimbic Dopamine Pathway runs from VTA to Nucleus Accumbens, reward pathway
a major small molecule neurotransmitter used at the neu-
Acetylcholine (ACh) romuscular junction, in the autonomic nervous system,
and in the CNS
a major monoamine and catecholamine neurotransmitter
Dopamine (DA)
implicated in motor control, reward, and psychosis
Norepinephrine (NE) a major monoamine and catecholamine neurotransmitter
one of the monoamine/catecholamine neurotransmitters
Epinephrine (EPI)
(AKA adrenaline)
a major monoamine and indoleamine neurotransmitter
Serotonin (5-HT) believed to participate in the regulation of mood, sleep,
and appetite
an indoleamine secreted by the pineal gland that partici-
Melatonin
pates in the regulation of circadian rhythms
GABA (Gamma Aminobutyric Acid) A major inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter
, Behavioral Neuroscience Exam 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ffz0m
Glutamate a major excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter
a naturally occurring neuropeptide that is very closely re-
Endorphins
lated to opioids
NO (Nitric Oxide) A gas that preforms a type of signaling between neurons
Cocaine mode of action: acts as a dopmaine reuptake inhibitor
mode of action: stimulate dopamine and norepinephrine
Methamphetamine
release and inhibit their reuptake
(AKA MDMA) mode of action: stimulates the release of
Ecstasy
serotonin and the neurohormone oxytocin
mode of action: stimulates GABA receptors; acts as an
Alcohol antagonist at the NMDA glutamate receptor, stimulates
dopaminergic systems
mode of action: unclear, replaces natural endorphins,
Morphine
possibly acts as receptor site
mode of action: bind opioid receptors, structurally similar
Heroin enough to natural chemical in brain and receptor can't tell
the difference
Marijuana mode of action: stimulates cannabinoid receptors
mode of action: locks release of acetylcholine at neuro-
BoTox
musclar junction, will cause paralysis
mode of actoin: muscle relaxant that blocks the nicotinic
acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), one of the two types of
Curare
acetylcholine (ACh) receptors, at the neuromuscular junc-
tion.
mode of action: increases Acetylcholine release, at a loca-
Black widow Venom tion called the neuromusclar junction, will cause convul-
sions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ffz0m
a chemical messenger that communicates across a
Neurotransmitters
synapse
a chemical messenger that communicates with target cells
Neuromodulators more distant than the synapse by diffusing away from the
point of release
a chemical messenger that communicates with target cells
Neurohormones at a great distance, often by traveling through the circula-
tion
releasing or activated by acetylcholine or a related com-
Cholinergic
pound
an enzyme that breaks down the neurotransmitter acetyl-
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
choline
One of a major group of biogenic amine neurotransmit-
Monoamines ters, including dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine,
and serotonin
A member of a group of related biogenic amines that
Catecholamines
includes dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine
one of a subgroup of monoamines including serotonin
Indolamines
and melatonin
Amino Acids an essential component of proteins
A peptide neurochemical secreted by the arcuate nucleus
Neuropeptides
of the hypothalamus that initiates eating
chemicals like NO diffuse through membranes without
needing vesicles or a release mechanism, act on recep-
Gaseous Neurotransmitters
tors located within cells, break down very quickly without
needing the action of enzymes
Lipid Neurotransmitters ex: cannaobinoids
Antagonist drug that reduces the action of a neurotransmitter
,Behavioral Neuroscience Exam 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ffz0m
Agonist substance the promotes the activity of a neurotransmitter
Placebo Effect perceived benefit from inactive substances or procedures
a substance that is given to someone under their assump-
Placebo
tion that it is the real drug, although it is a fake
the process in which more of a drug is needed to produce
Tolerance
the same effect
the symptoms that occur when certain addictive drugs are
Withdrawl no longer administered or are administered in smaller
quantities
Addiction a compulsive craving for drug effects or other experience
part of the basal ganglia, involved in neurotransmitter
Nucleus Accumbens
pathways
Mesolimbic Dopamine Pathway runs from VTA to Nucleus Accumbens, reward pathway
a major small molecule neurotransmitter used at the neu-
Acetylcholine (ACh) romuscular junction, in the autonomic nervous system,
and in the CNS
a major monoamine and catecholamine neurotransmitter
Dopamine (DA)
implicated in motor control, reward, and psychosis
Norepinephrine (NE) a major monoamine and catecholamine neurotransmitter
one of the monoamine/catecholamine neurotransmitters
Epinephrine (EPI)
(AKA adrenaline)
a major monoamine and indoleamine neurotransmitter
Serotonin (5-HT) believed to participate in the regulation of mood, sleep,
and appetite
an indoleamine secreted by the pineal gland that partici-
Melatonin
pates in the regulation of circadian rhythms
GABA (Gamma Aminobutyric Acid) A major inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter
, Behavioral Neuroscience Exam 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ffz0m
Glutamate a major excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter
a naturally occurring neuropeptide that is very closely re-
Endorphins
lated to opioids
NO (Nitric Oxide) A gas that preforms a type of signaling between neurons
Cocaine mode of action: acts as a dopmaine reuptake inhibitor
mode of action: stimulate dopamine and norepinephrine
Methamphetamine
release and inhibit their reuptake
(AKA MDMA) mode of action: stimulates the release of
Ecstasy
serotonin and the neurohormone oxytocin
mode of action: stimulates GABA receptors; acts as an
Alcohol antagonist at the NMDA glutamate receptor, stimulates
dopaminergic systems
mode of action: unclear, replaces natural endorphins,
Morphine
possibly acts as receptor site
mode of action: bind opioid receptors, structurally similar
Heroin enough to natural chemical in brain and receptor can't tell
the difference
Marijuana mode of action: stimulates cannabinoid receptors
mode of action: locks release of acetylcholine at neuro-
BoTox
musclar junction, will cause paralysis
mode of actoin: muscle relaxant that blocks the nicotinic
acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), one of the two types of
Curare
acetylcholine (ACh) receptors, at the neuromuscular junc-
tion.
mode of action: increases Acetylcholine release, at a loca-
Black widow Venom tion called the neuromusclar junction, will cause convul-
sions
