PN 2004 HEALTH PROMOTION FINAL EXAM MATERIAL – COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS REVIEW FOR NURSING STUDENTS
DESCRIPTION
This document contains final exam preparation material for PN 2004 Health Promotion,
focusing on essential concepts related to health promotion, disease prevention, and community
wellness. It includes key questions and answers that help reinforce understanding of important
topics covered in the course.
The content is designed to support effective revision and help nursing students prepare
confidently for the PN 2004 Health Promotion final exam.
ANSWER FORMAT
The document Contains Questons with Correct and Verified Answers
Maslow's Hierarchy of Human Needs
- Five categories of human needs that motivate human behavior
- physiologic, security and safety, love and belonging, self esteem, self actualization
Cohort effect
enables us to understand older adults from different cultures and different geographical
areas
In Eriksons older adults will experience what?
Ego integrity vs. despair-evaluating one's life/accomplishments for meaning
Biological Theories
explain the physiological processes that change with aging, how is aging manifested on
the molecular level in the cells, tissues, and body system.
Stochastic (statistical) perspective
Identifies episodic events that happen throughout one's life that cause random cell
damage and accumulate over time, causing aging
Includes: Free radical, cross linking theory, wear and tear
Free radical theory
proposes that aging is due to oxidative metabolism and the effects of free radicals.
Wear and tear theory
Cumulative changes as cells age and damage cellular metabolism (Example-inability to
repair damaged DNA -- heart, neurons, striated muscle, brain cant replace after they
are destroyed by wear and tear.
Nonstochastic perspective
Aging occurs because of pre-programmed genetic attributes or biological clock
Nursing theories of aging
, developed to address the need for providing framework to guide caregivers in nursing
homes how to care for the older people and how to support them in the development
process of aging
Is a big decline in memory and cognitive ability a part of the normal aging
process?
No; our brains should remain relatively healthy as we age; this could be a separate
disease process
What are some things that the natural process of aging includes?
involves subtle changes in brain structure, chemistry, and function that commonly begin
in midlife
What is decline in bone mass accelerated by?
Immobility*
Poor diet
Smoking
Excess alcohol intake
Decreased estrogen
Steroids
Hyperthyroidism
(Trauma)
Physiological changes of aging: collagenous tissues
Loss of water from matrix, loss of elastic fibers
Shrinkage of articular cartilage and vertebral discs (less shock absorption)*
Stiffer tissues and decreased ROM*
Sagging skin/organs
Physiological changes of aging: cognition*
Decline in perceptual speed (need more time for tasks)
Cognition declines significantly after 80 yrs
Short term memory impairments (learning new skills affected)
Numeric/verbal abilities AND long-term memory maintained!
Physiological changes of aging: vision*
Decline in visual acuity: vision loss common >90yrs
Decreased adaptation to dark/light -> increased sensitivity to light/glare
Loss of color discrimination
Cataracts (blurry vision)
Physiological changes of aging: skin*
Thinning epidermis
Reduced sweat gland activity (tend to overheat)
Reduced blood supply (slower healing)
What determines how we age?
health
genetics
environment
socioeconomic status
the theoretical length of life for an individual under ideal living conditions
life span
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS REVIEW FOR NURSING STUDENTS
DESCRIPTION
This document contains final exam preparation material for PN 2004 Health Promotion,
focusing on essential concepts related to health promotion, disease prevention, and community
wellness. It includes key questions and answers that help reinforce understanding of important
topics covered in the course.
The content is designed to support effective revision and help nursing students prepare
confidently for the PN 2004 Health Promotion final exam.
ANSWER FORMAT
The document Contains Questons with Correct and Verified Answers
Maslow's Hierarchy of Human Needs
- Five categories of human needs that motivate human behavior
- physiologic, security and safety, love and belonging, self esteem, self actualization
Cohort effect
enables us to understand older adults from different cultures and different geographical
areas
In Eriksons older adults will experience what?
Ego integrity vs. despair-evaluating one's life/accomplishments for meaning
Biological Theories
explain the physiological processes that change with aging, how is aging manifested on
the molecular level in the cells, tissues, and body system.
Stochastic (statistical) perspective
Identifies episodic events that happen throughout one's life that cause random cell
damage and accumulate over time, causing aging
Includes: Free radical, cross linking theory, wear and tear
Free radical theory
proposes that aging is due to oxidative metabolism and the effects of free radicals.
Wear and tear theory
Cumulative changes as cells age and damage cellular metabolism (Example-inability to
repair damaged DNA -- heart, neurons, striated muscle, brain cant replace after they
are destroyed by wear and tear.
Nonstochastic perspective
Aging occurs because of pre-programmed genetic attributes or biological clock
Nursing theories of aging
, developed to address the need for providing framework to guide caregivers in nursing
homes how to care for the older people and how to support them in the development
process of aging
Is a big decline in memory and cognitive ability a part of the normal aging
process?
No; our brains should remain relatively healthy as we age; this could be a separate
disease process
What are some things that the natural process of aging includes?
involves subtle changes in brain structure, chemistry, and function that commonly begin
in midlife
What is decline in bone mass accelerated by?
Immobility*
Poor diet
Smoking
Excess alcohol intake
Decreased estrogen
Steroids
Hyperthyroidism
(Trauma)
Physiological changes of aging: collagenous tissues
Loss of water from matrix, loss of elastic fibers
Shrinkage of articular cartilage and vertebral discs (less shock absorption)*
Stiffer tissues and decreased ROM*
Sagging skin/organs
Physiological changes of aging: cognition*
Decline in perceptual speed (need more time for tasks)
Cognition declines significantly after 80 yrs
Short term memory impairments (learning new skills affected)
Numeric/verbal abilities AND long-term memory maintained!
Physiological changes of aging: vision*
Decline in visual acuity: vision loss common >90yrs
Decreased adaptation to dark/light -> increased sensitivity to light/glare
Loss of color discrimination
Cataracts (blurry vision)
Physiological changes of aging: skin*
Thinning epidermis
Reduced sweat gland activity (tend to overheat)
Reduced blood supply (slower healing)
What determines how we age?
health
genetics
environment
socioeconomic status
the theoretical length of life for an individual under ideal living conditions
life span
